This paper investigates the incentives and inhibiting factors of eco-innovation capacities in the firm. Firms materialize the objectives of eco-innovation from a reactive attitude to external pressures, to a more proactive attitude that implies the voluntary incorporation of eco-innovation activities. This variability in the behaviour of companies with respect to the level of eco-innovation development has been a motivator for the research. However, despite the importance of this research question, this has been approached in a dispersed way from multiple approaches. From a dynamic capabilities perspective, we assume that the innovation capacity of the firm encourages eco-innovations. Our paper is focused on the process of eco-innovation, identifying the elements that facilitate or hinder the eco-innovation in the firm. We study the Spanish case, using a panel from the Spanish Innovation Survey, with a sample of 5461 Spanish firms. The results highlight that the complexity of the eco-innovation process negatively affects the decision to develop eco-innovations. However, our results suggest that institutions and organizations of the Spanish environment are making efforts to compensate these obstacles and provide incentives to develop eco-innovations.

本文研究了企业生态创新能力的激励因素和抑制因素。企业实现了生态创新的目标，从对外部压力的反应态度转变为更积极主动的态度，这意味着自愿参与生态创新活动。公司在生态创新发展水平方面的行为差异一直是研究的动力。然而，尽管这个研究问题很重要，但是已经从多种方法中以分散的方式进行了研究。从动态能力的角度来看，我们认为公司的创新能力会鼓励生态创新。本文的重点是生态创新的过程，确定了促进或阻碍公司生态创新的要素。我们研究了西班牙的情况，使用来自西班牙创新调查的小组，对5461家西班牙公司进行了抽样调查。结果表明，生态创新过程的复杂性会对发展生态创新的决定产生负面影响。但是，我们的结果表明，西班牙环境的机构和组织正在努力弥补这些障碍，并为发展生态创新提供了动力。