In the nervous system, ATP is co-stored in vesicles with classical transmitters and released in a regulated manner. ATP from the intracellular compartment can also exit the cell through hemichannels and following shear stress or membrane damage. In the past 30 years, the action of ATP as an extracellular transmitter at cell-surface receptors has evolved from somewhat of a novelty that was treated with skepticism to purinergic transmission being accepted as having widespread important functional roles mediated by ATP-gated ionotropic P2X receptors (P2XRs). This review focuses on work published in the last five years and provides an overview of ( a) structural studies, ( b) the molecular basis of channel properties and regulation of P2XRs, and ( c) the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ATP acting at defined P2XR subtypes.

中文翻译：

---

ATP门控的P2X受体通道：功能作用的分子洞察。

在神经系统中，ATP与经典的递质共同储存在囊泡中，并以受控方式释放。来自细胞内区室的ATP也可以通过半通道以及剪切应力或膜损伤后离开细胞。在过去的30年中，ATP在细胞表面受体上作为细胞外递质的作用已经从经过怀疑的处理转变为嘌呤能传递，因为嘌呤能传递被认为是由ATP门控离子型P2X受体介导的广泛重要功能（P2XR）。这篇综述的重点是过去五年中发表的工作，并概述了（a）结构研究，（b）通道特性的分子基础和对P2XRs的调控，以及（c）ATP在特定条件下发挥的生理和病理生理作用P2XR亚型。