Maternal cardiovascular changes during pregnancy include an expansion of plasma volume, increased cardiac output, decreased peripheral resistance, and increased uteroplacental blood flow. These adaptations facilitate the progressive increase in uteroplacental perfusion that is required for normal fetal growth and development, prevent the development of hypertension, and provide a reserve of blood in anticipation of the significant blood loss associated with parturition. Each woman's genotype and phenotype determine her ability to adapt in response to molecular signals that emanate from the fetoplacental unit. Here, we provide an overview of the major hemodynamic and cardiac changes and then consider regional changes in the splanchnic, renal, cerebral, and uterine circulations in terms of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell plasticity. Although consideration of gestational disease is beyond the scope of this review, aberrant signaling and/or maternal responsiveness contribute to the etiology of several common gestational diseases such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and gestational diabetes.

中文翻译：

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孕期母体血管的可塑性。

孕妇在怀孕期间的心血管变化包括血浆容量增加，心输出量增加，外周阻力降低和子宫胎盘血流量增加。这些适应促进正常胎儿生长和发育所需的子宫胎盘灌注的逐步增加，防止高血压的发展，并在预料与分娩有关的大量失血时提供血液储备。每个女性的基因型和表型决定了她对胎儿胎盘单位发出的分子信号做出反应的适应能力。在这里，我们提供了主要血液动力学和心脏变化的概述，然后根据内皮和血管平滑肌细胞的可塑性，考虑了内脏，肾脏，脑和子宫循环的区域变化。