The current unidimensional paradigm of kidney disease detection is incompatible with the complexity and heterogeneity of renal pathology. The diagnosis of kidney disease has largely focused on glomerular filtration, while assessment of kidney tubular health has notably been absent. Following insult, the kidney tubular cells undergo a cascade of cellular responses that result in the production and accumulation of low-molecular-weight proteins in the urine and systemic circulation. Modern advancements in molecular analysis and proteomics have allowed the identification and quantification of these proteins as biomarkers for assessing and characterizing kidney diseases. In this review, we highlight promising biomarkers of kidney tubular health that have strong underpinnings in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. These biomarkers have been applied to various specific clinical settings from the spectrum of acute to chronic kidney diseases, demonstrating the potential to improve patient care.

中文翻译：

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急性和慢性肾脏疾病的生物标志物。

当前的肾脏疾病检测的一维范式与肾脏病理学的复杂性和异质性是不相容的。肾脏疾病的诊断主要集中在肾小球滤过，而肾小管的健康状况却明显缺乏。受到伤害后，肾小管细胞会经历一系列的细胞反应，从而导致低分子量蛋白质在尿液和全身循环中的产生和积累。分子分析和蛋白质组学的现代发展已使这些蛋白质的鉴定和定量成为评估和表征肾脏疾病的生物标记。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了肾小管健康的有前途的生物标志物，这些标志物在肾脏疾病的病理生理学中具有很强的基础。