Human kidney tissue can now be generated via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. This advance is anticipated to facilitate the modeling of human kidney diseases, provide platforms for nephrotoxicity screening, enable cellular therapy, and potentially generate tissue for renal replacement. All such applications will rely upon the accuracy and reliability of the model and the capacity for stem cell-derived kidney tissue to recapitulate both normal and diseased states. In this review, we discuss the models available, how well they recapitulate the human kidney, and how far we are from application of these cells for use in cellular therapies.

中文翻译：

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从干细胞生成肾脏。

现在可以通过人多能干细胞的定向分化产生人肾组织。预计该进展将促进人类肾脏疾病的建模，提供肾毒性筛查的平台，实现细胞治疗并可能产生用于肾脏替代的组织。所有这些应用都将取决于模型的准确性和可靠性，以及干细胞衍生的肾脏组织概括正常和患病状态的能力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了可用的模型，它们在人类肾脏中的概括能力以及与这些细胞用于细胞疗法的应用相距多远。