The present paper aims to investigate the environmental and economic impacts of co-processing petroleum fractions with bio-based feedstocks for direct refinery integration versus the conventional drop-in integration of biofuels with compatible transportation fuels. Three different pathways of market diesel (commercial diesel fuel from a typical fuel station in Greece) production with 10% v/v biocontent (biomass feed) were explored by variant biomass utilization with fossil counter parts (diesel fuel). The first case study depicts the current market diesel production process via blending petroleum fractions with FAME (Fatty Acids Methyl Esters) biodiesel. The second case study involves the production of market diesel from blending petroleum fractions with hydrotreated residual lipids (Waste Cooking Oil, WCO), while the third case study explores the alternative approach of co-processing petroleum fractions with WCO. In all cases, the market diesel production chain was based on the hydrotreating process simulated using Aspen Plus. The results have shown that the most beneficial case, by environmental and economic viewpoint, for market diesel production with 10% v/v biocontent in the Greek market is co-processing of petroleum fractions with WCO. This approach accounts for a reduced production cost (751 €/m³) and environmentally friendly profile (243 kgCO₂-eq/m³) compared with the other two case studies. Additionally co-processing of residual biomass with petroleum fractions utilizes existing infrastructure towards the production of sustainable fuels, rendering this pathway more attractive form a CAPEX point of view.

本文旨在研究将石油馏分与生物基原料进行共处理的环境和经济影响，以直接进行炼油厂整合，而不是将常规生物燃料与兼容的运输燃料直接整合。通过使用化石配套零件（柴油燃料）进行不同的生物质利用，探索了生物量利用率为10％（v / v）的市场柴油（希腊典型加油站的商业柴油燃料）生产的三种不同途径。第一个案例研究描述了通过将石油馏分与FAME（脂肪酸甲基酯）生物柴油混合而形成的当前市场柴油生产过程。第二个案例研究涉及将石油馏分与加氢处理的残留脂质（废烹饪油，WCO）混合后生产市场柴油。而第三个案例研究则探索了与WCO共处理石油馏分的替代方法。在所有情况下，市场柴油生产链均基于使用Aspen Plus模拟的加氢处理过程。结果表明，从环境和经济角度出发，对于希腊市场上生物含量为10％v / v的市场柴油生产，最有利的情况是与WCO共同处理石油馏分。这种方法降低了生产成本（751€/ m 在希腊市场上，用于生物柴油含量为10％v / v的市场柴油生产是与WCO共同处理石油馏分。这种方法降低了生产成本（751€/ m 在希腊市场上，用于生物柴油含量为10％v / v的市场柴油生产是与WCO共同处理石油馏分。这种方法降低了生产成本（751€/ m³）和与其他两个案例研究相比的环保型材（243 kgCO ₂ -eq / m ³）。此外，剩余生物质与石油馏分的共处理利用现有基础设施来生产可持续燃料，从CAPEX的角度来看，使该途径更具吸引力。