Environmental-economic perspectives are recently taking growing momentum in the analysis of country-level performances, but few studies take into account the multi-dimensional nature of the phenomenon. The leading measure of pollution still remains only CO2 emission or, at best, CO2 equivalent emission. The few works taking a multi-criteria perspective are mainly related to specific case studies, urban areas, or the localization of renewable power plants. In this paper, we propose a multi-criteria analysis for a macro-perspective assessment of 10 different pollutants in 30 European countries over the period 2008–2015. Methodologically, we propose a new hybrid tool allowing us to merge the consolidated procedure usually employed for environmental evaluation: PROMETHEE, with a more flexible weighing process inspired by Data Envelopment Analysis. The unprecedented use of this tool for developing a macro perspective allows the clustering of European countries according their relative performances without any exogenous assumption about the weights given to the specific pollutants. In addition, the empirical evidence emerging from the analysis provides a comprehensive picture of patterns followed by European economies, which highlights the relative strengths and flaws at country-level for the considered pollutants.

最近，在分析国家一级的绩效时，环境经济学的观点正在蓬勃发展，但是很少有研究考虑到这一现象的多维性质。污染的主要衡量指标仍然仅是CO2排放，或至多是CO2当量排放。采取多准则观点的少数作品主要与特定案例研究，城市地区或可再生能源发电厂的本地化有关。在本文中，我们提出了多准则分析，以宏观视角评估2008-2015年间30个欧洲国家中10种不同的污染物。从方法上讲，我们提出了一种新的混合工具，使我们可以将通常用于环境评估的合并程序进行合并：PROMETHEE，以及受数据包络分析启发而来的更灵活的称量过程。这种工具用于发展宏观视角的空前使用，可以使欧洲国家根据其相对表现进行聚类，而无需对特定污染物的权重进行任何外生假设。此外，从分析中得出的经验证据还为欧洲经济体提供了模式的全面描述，从而突出显示了国家级考虑污染物的相对优势和劣势。