In recent years, observations of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect have had significant cosmological implications and have begun to serve as a powerful and independent probe of the warm and hot gas that pervades the Universe. As a few pioneering studies have already shown, SZ observations both complement X-ray observations—the traditional tool for studying the intra-cluster medium—and bring unique capabilities for probing astrophysical processes at high redshifts and out to the low-density regions in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. Advances in SZ observations have largely been driven by developments in centimetre-, millimetre-, and submillimetre-wave instrumentation on ground-based facilities, with notable exceptions including results from the Planck satellite. Here we review the utility of the thermal, kinematic, relativistic, non-thermal, and polarised SZ effects for studies of galaxy clusters and other large scale structures, incorporating the many advances over the past two decades that have impacted SZ theory, simulations, and observations. We also discuss observational results, techniques, and challenges, and aim to give an overview and perspective on emerging opportunities, with the goal of highlighting some of the exciting new directions in this field.

中文翻译：

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具有空间和光谱分辨 Sunyaev-Zeldovich 效应的天体物理学

近年来，对 Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) 效应的观测具有重要的宇宙学意义，并已开始作为一种强大而独立的探测器，对遍布宇宙的暖气进行探索。正如一些开创性研究已经表明的那样，SZ 观测既补充了 X 射线观测（研究星团内介质的传统工具），又为探测高红移和低密度区域的天体物理过程带来了独特的能力。星系团外围。SZ 观测的进步主要是由陆基设施上厘米、毫米和亚毫米波仪器的发展推动的，但值得注意的例外是普朗克卫星的结果。在这里，我们回顾了热学、运动学、相对论、非热学、和极化 SZ 效应，用于研究星系团和其他大尺度结构，结合了过去二十年影响 SZ 理论、模拟和观测的许多进展。我们还讨论了观测结果、技术和挑战，旨在对新兴机遇进行概述和展望，目的是突出该领域一些令人兴奋的新方向。