Globally, noroviruses are among the foremost causes of acute diarrheal disease, yet there are many unanswered questions on norovirus immunity, particularly following natural infection in young children during the first 2 years of life when the disease burden is highest. We conducted a literature review on birth cohort studies assessing norovirus infections in children from birth to early childhood. Data on infection, immunity, and risk factors are summarized from 10 community-based birth cohort studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Up to 90% of children experienced atleast one norovirus infection and up to 70% experienced norovirus-associated diarrhea, most often affecting children 6 months of age and older. Data from these studies help to fill critical knowledge gaps for vaccine development, yet study design and methodological differences limit comparison between studies, particularly for immunity and risk factors for disease. Considerations for conducting future birth cohort studies on norovirus are discussed.

中文翻译：

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评估幼儿诺如病毒感染和免疫力的出生队列研究：综述。

在全球范围内，诺如病毒是导致急性腹泻病的首要原因之一，但关于诺如病毒免疫力仍有许多悬而未决的问题，尤其是在疾病负担最高的 2 岁儿童自然感染之后。我们对评估从出生到幼儿期儿童诺如病毒感染的出生队列研究进行了文献回顾。感染、免疫和危险因素的数据来自在低收入和中等收入国家进行的 10 项基于社区的出生队列研究。多达 90% 的儿童至少感染了一种诺如病毒，多达 70% 的儿童出现了与诺如病毒相关的腹泻，最常见的是 6 个月及以上的儿童。这些研究的数据有助于填补疫苗开发的关键知识空白，然而，研究设计和方法学差异限制了研究之间的比较，特别是在免疫和疾病风险因素方面。讨论了未来对诺如病毒进行出生队列研究的注意事项。