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Combining behavioural and LiDAR data to reveal relationships between canopy structure and orangutan nest site selection in disturbed forests
Biological Conservation ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.032
Andrew B. Davies , Felicity Oram , Marc Ancrenaz , Gregory P. Asner

Abstract Primary tropical forests are becoming increasingly disturbed and fragmented, making it critically important to understand the conservation value of degraded forests. Many populations of even the largest and most iconic species are now found outside of primary habitats, and the long-term survival of these and many other species depends on appropriate management of degraded areas, whether protected or not. However, for conservation in degraded habitats to be successful, an adequate understanding of the minimal ecological requirements necessary for species persistence within them is required. We combined ground and helicopter nest surveys of critically endangered Bornean orangutans with high-resolution measurements of forest canopy structure from airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to understand orangutan nest site selection across multiple spatial scales in degraded forests of the Lower Kinabatangan region, Malaysian Borneo. We found orangutans to be selective when choosing nest sites, with nests more likely to be observed in canopies of tall and uniform height and closer to full canopy gaps, which was consistent across spatial scales and orangutan age and sex classes. These sites likely offer orangutans an improved vantage point and/or shelter from wind and rain. In contrast, no discernible relationships between nest site selection and canopy complexity, or nest abundance and landscape forest structure or aboveground carbon density were recorded. Our findings suggest that although orangutans do nest across a range of forest conditions, their optimum requirement for nesting strongly depends on forest patches with sufficient tall canopy of uniform height. These results serve to inform degraded forest conservation strategies across Borneo, particularly where orangutans are a focal species.

中文翻译:

结合行为和激光雷达数据揭示受干扰森林中冠层结构与猩猩巢址选择之间的关系

摘要 热带原始森林越来越受到干扰和破碎,因此了解退化森林的保护价值至关重要。即使是最大和最具标志性的物种的许多种群现在都在主要栖息地之外发现,这些和许多其他物种的长期生存取决于对退化地区的适当管理,无论是否受到保护。然而,要使退化栖息地的保护取得成功,需要充分了解物种在其中生存所需的最低生态要求。我们将极度濒危的婆罗洲猩猩的地面和直升机巢穴调查与来自机载光探测和测距 (LiDAR) 的森林冠层结构的高分辨率测量相结合,以了解马来西亚下京那巴当岸地区退化森林中多个空间尺度的猩猩巢穴选址婆罗洲。我们发现猩猩在选择筑巢地点时是有选择性的,在高大且高度一致的树冠中更容易观察到巢穴,并且更接近于完整的树冠间隙,这在空间尺度和猩猩年龄和性别等级上是一致的。这些地点可能为猩猩提供更好的有利位置和/或避风和雨的庇护所。相比之下,巢址选择和冠层复杂性之间没有明显的关系,或记录巢丰富度和景观森林结构或地上碳密度。我们的研究结果表明,尽管猩猩确实在一系列森林条件下筑巢,但它们对筑巢的最佳需求强烈依赖于具有足够高且高度一致的树冠的森林斑块。这些结果有助于为整个婆罗洲的退化森林保护战略提供信息,特别是在猩猩是重点物种的地方。
更新日期:2019-04-01
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