We demonstrate that the spatial resolution in confocal laser scanning microscopy is remarkably improved by simple image subtraction between images acquired by higher-order transverse modes of a cylindrical vector beam, referred to as radially and azimuthally polarized Laguerre–Gaussian mode beams. Two types of combinations of vector mode beams suitable for subtraction imaging are derived by a systematical study based on numerical calculations. The spatial resolution of about 100 nm is experimentally achieved without the degradation of image quality.

中文翻译：

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通过组合高阶矢量束进行减影成像以提高空间分辨率

我们证明，共聚焦激光扫描显微镜中的空间分辨率通过在圆柱矢量光束的高阶横向模态（称为径向和方位极化的拉盖尔－高斯模态光束）获取的图像之间进行简单的图像减法而显着提高。通过基于数值计算的系统研究得出了适用于减法成像的矢量模式光束的两种组合。通过实验实现了约100 nm的空间分辨率，而不会降低图像质量。