Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) mediate many of the actions of dopamine in the striatum, ranging from movement to the effortful pursuit of reward. Yet despite significant advances in linking D2Rs to striatal functions with pharmacological and genetic strategies in animals, how dopamine orchestrates its myriad actions on different cell populations -each expressing D2Rs- remains unclear. Furthermore, brain imaging and genetic studies in humans have consistently associated striatal D2R alterations with various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, but how and which D2Rs are involved in each case is poorly understood. Therefore, a critical first step is to engage in a refined and systematic investigation of the impact of D2R function on specific striatal cells, circuits, and behaviors. Here, I will review recent efforts, primarily in animal models, aimed at unlocking the complex and heterogeneous roles of D2Rs in striatum.

中文翻译：

---

解开多巴胺D2受体在纹状体功能和行为中的各种作用。

多巴胺D2受体（D2Rs）介导纹状体中多巴胺的许多作用，从运动到努力追求奖赏。然而，尽管在动物的药理和遗传策略上将D2Rs与纹状体功能联系起来取得了重大进展，但是多巴胺如何协调其对不同细胞群体（每个表达D2Rs）的多种作用。此外，人类的大脑成像和遗传学研究一直将纹状体D2R改变与各种神经系统疾病和神经精神疾病相关联，但是人们对每种情况下如何以及涉及哪些D2R的了解却很少。因此，关键的第一步是对D2R功能对特定纹状体细胞，电路和行为的影响进行精细而系统的研究。在这里，我将回顾最近在动物模型方面所做的努力，