Structured illumination has been widely used for optical sectioning and 3D surface recovery. In a typical implementation, multiple images under non-uniform pattern illumination are used to recover a single object section. Axial scanning of the sample or the objective lens is needed for acquiring the 3D volumetric data. Here we demonstrate the use of axially shifted pattern illumination for virtual volumetric confocal imaging without axial scanning. In the reported approach, we project illumination patterns at a tilted angle with respect to the detection optics. As such, the illumination patterns shift laterally at different $z$ sections, and the 3D sample information can be recovered based on the captured 2D images. We demonstrate the reported approach for virtual confocal imaging through a diffusing layer and underwater 3D imaging through diluted milk. We show that we can acquire the entire confocal volume in $\sim 1\mathrm{s}$ with a throughput of 420 megapixels per second. Our approach may provide new insights for developing confocal light ranging and detection systems in degraded visual environments.

中文翻译：

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轴向位移的图案照明，无需轴向扫描即可实现宏观浊度抑制和虚拟体积共聚焦成像

结构照明已被广泛用于光学切片和3D表面恢复。在典型的实现中，在非均匀图案照明下的多个图像被用于恢复单个对象部分。为了获取3D体积数据，需要对样品或物镜进行轴向扫描。在这里，我们演示了轴向位移的图案照明在没有轴向扫描的情况下用于虚拟体积共焦成像的用途。在报道的方法中，我们以相对于检测光学器件倾斜的角度投射照明图案。这样，照明模式在不同的方向上横向移动$ž$截面，并且可以基于捕获的2D图像恢复3D样本信息。我们演示了通过扩散层进行虚拟共焦成像和通过稀释牛奶进行水下3D成像的报道方法。我们证明了我们可以在$〜\mathrm{1个}\mathrm{s}$每秒吞吐量为420兆像素。我们的方法可能为在退化的视觉环境中开发共焦光测距和检测系统提供新的见解。