Trillions of microbes have evolved with and continue to live on human beings. With the rapid advances in tools and technology in recent years, new knowledge and insight in cross-talk between the microbes and their hosts have gained. It is the aim of this work to critically review and summarize recent literature reports on the role of microbiota and mechanisms involved in the progress and development of major human diseases, which include obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), gout, depression and arthritis, as well as infant health and longevity.

中文翻译：

---

重新审视肠道微生物群及其对人类健康和疾病的影响

数以万亿计的微生物与人类一起进化并继续生活在人类身上。随着近年来工具和技术的快速发展，微生物与其宿主之间的串扰获得了新的知识和见解。这项工作的目的是批判性地回顾和总结最近关于微生物群在人类主要疾病的进展和发展中的作用和机制的文献报道，这些疾病包括肥胖、高血压、心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、炎症性肠病。 IBD)、痛风、抑郁症和关节炎，以及婴儿健康和长寿。