Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 were used to assess the mutagenic potential of the aerosol from a commercially available, rechargeable, closed system electronic-cigarette. Results obtained were compared to those for the mainstream smoke from a Kentucky reference (3R4F) cigarette. Two different test matrices were assessed. Aerosol generated from the e-cigarette was trapped on a Cambridge filter pad, eluted in DMSO and compared to cigarette smoke total particulate matter (TPM), which was generated in the same manner for mutagenicity assessment in the Salmonella assay. Fresh e-cigarette and cigarette smoke aerosols were generated on the Vitrocell(R) VC 10 smoking robot and compared using a modified scaled-down 35mm air agar interface (AAI) methodology. E-cigarette aerosol collected matter (ACM) was found to be non-mutagenic in the 85mm plate incorporation Ames assay in strains TA98 and TA100 conducted in accordance with OECD 471, when tested up to 2400mug/plate. Freshly generated e-cigarette aerosol was also found to be negative in both strains after an AAI aerosol exposure, when tested up to a 1L/min dilution for up to 3h. Positive control responses were observed in both strains, using benzo[a]pyrene, 2-nitrofluorene, sodium azide and 2-aminoanthracene in TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of metabolic activation respectively. In contrast, cigarette smoke TPM and aerosol from 3R4F reference cigarettes were found to be mutagenic in both tester strains, under comparable test conditions to that of e-cigarette exposure. Limited information exists on the mutagenic activity of captured e-cigarette particulates and whole aerosol AAI approaches. With the lower toxicant burden of e-cigarette aerosols compared to cigarette smoke, it is clear that a more comprehensive Ames package of data should be generated when assessing e-cigarettes, consisting of the standard OECD-five, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 (or TA97) and E. coli (or TA102). In addition, TA104 which is more sensitive to the carbonyl based compounds found in e-cigarette aerosols under dry-wicking conditions may also prove a useful addition in a testing battery. Regulatory standard product testing approaches as used in this study will become important when determining whether e-cigarette aerosols are in fact less biologically active than cigarette smoke, as this study suggests. Future studies should be supported by in vitro dosimetry approaches to draw more accurate comparisons between cigarette smoke, e-cigarette aerosol exposure and human use.

中文翻译：

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在菌株 TA98 和 TA100 中使用 Ames 测定对电子烟和参考香烟烟雾进行诱变评估。

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株 TA98 和 TA100 用于评估来自市售、可充电、封闭系统电子烟的气溶胶的致突变潜力。获得的结果与来自肯塔基州参考 (3R4F) 卷烟的主流烟雾的结果进行了比较。评估了两种不同的测试矩阵。电子烟产生的气溶胶被困在剑桥过滤垫上，在 DMSO 中洗脱，并与香烟烟雾总颗粒物 (TPM) 进行比较，后者以相同的方式产生，用于沙门氏菌测定中的致突变性评估。在 Vitrocell(R) VC 10 吸烟机器人上生成新鲜电子烟和香烟烟雾气溶胶，并使用改进的缩小 35 毫米空气琼脂界面 (AAI) 方法进行比较。在根据 OECD 471 进行的菌株 TA98 和 TA100 中的 85 毫米板掺入 Ames 试验中，当测试高达 2400 杯/板时，发现电子烟气溶胶收集物 (ACM) 无致突变性。在 AAI 气溶胶暴露后，当以 1 升/分钟的稀释度测试长达 3 小时时，还发现新产生的电子烟气溶胶在两种菌株中均为阴性。在存在和不存在代谢活化的情况下，分别在 TA98 和 TA100 中使用苯并 [a] 芘、2-硝基芴、叠氮化钠和 2-氨基蒽，在两种菌株中均观察到阳性对照反应。相比之下，在与电子烟暴露相当的测试条件下，发现来自 3R4F 参考香烟的香烟烟雾 TPM 和气溶胶在两种测试菌株中都具有致突变性。关于捕获的电子烟颗粒和全气溶胶 AAI 方法的致突变活性的信息有限。与香烟烟雾相比，电子烟气溶胶的毒物负荷较低，很明显，在评估电子烟时应生成更全面的 Ames 数据包，包括标准的 OECD-5、TA98、TA100、TA1535、TA1537 （或 TA97）和大肠杆菌（或 TA102）。此外，TA104 对干吸湿条件下电子烟气雾剂中的羰基化合物更敏感，也可能证明是测试电池中的有用补充。正如本研究表明的那样，在确定电子烟气雾剂的生物活性是否实际上低于香烟烟雾时，本研究中使用的监管标准产品测试方法将变得很重要。