The in vitro genotoxic effects of organic and water-soluble fractions of airborne particulate matter (PM10) with the cytokinesis blocked micronucleus (MN) test in human alveolar carcinoma cells A549 were investigated. Samples were collected in three different sites of Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and fifteen soluble metals and the sixteen EPAs priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were chemically determined. PAHs prevailing were fluoranthene and benzo(ghi)perylene. In the water-soluble extracts, highest concentration of metals was found for zinc, iron, and copper in all places of collection. Although PM10 concentration in all samples was in the range of 33.5-110.1mug/m3, lower than 120mug/m3 (limit established by Sao Paulo State's legislation for PM10 in 24h), MN results showed that of the 24 samples analyzed, five organic and seven water-soluble extracts presented a significant increase in MN frequency. The frequency of MN correlates with the total PAH concentration of the three sites investigated, and the concentration of PM10 is correlated with the biological effect in two of them. For the water-soluble fraction, all the sites presented a relation between the PM10 concentration and the MN frequency. Again, the genotoxic response showed a correlation with the total concentration of water-soluble metals in two of the three sites. Our results confirm the importance of the soluble fraction of PM10 to the genotoxic effect of airborne PM even at low concentration of water-soluble compounds. Thus, together with chemical analysis, the implementation of the MN protocol for both organic and water-soluble fraction biological monitoring could be used as a strategy in a routine air-quality monitoring program, complementing other usual analyses for air pollution control and protection of populations.

中文翻译：

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空气中颗粒物的水溶性和有机提取物在人肺上皮 A549 细胞中诱导微核。

研究了空气中颗粒物 (PM10) 的有机和水溶性部分与胞质分裂阻断微核 (MN) 试验在人肺泡癌细胞 A549 中的体外遗传毒性作用。在巴西圣保罗州的三个不同地点采集样品，并对 15 种可溶性金属和 16 种 EPA 优先级多环芳烃 (PAH) 进行化学测定。主要的 PAH 是荧蒽和苯并 (ghi) 苝。在水溶性提取物中，发现所有收集地点的锌、铁和铜的金属浓度最高。尽管所有样本的 PM10 浓度都在 33.5-110.1 毫克/立方米的范围内，低于 120 毫克/立方米（圣保罗州立法规定的 24 小时内 PM10 的限制），但 MN 结果显示，在分析的 24 个样本中，五种有机提取物和七种水溶性提取物的 MN 频率显着增加。MN 的频率与调查的三个地点的总 PAH 浓度相关，PM10 的浓度与其中两个地点的生物效应相关。对于水溶性部分，所有站点都呈现出 PM10 浓度与 MN 频率之间的关系。同样，遗传毒性反应显示与三个位点中两个位点中水溶性金属的总浓度相关。我们的结果证实了 PM10 的可溶性部分对空气中 PM 的遗传毒性作用的重要性，即使在低浓度的水溶性化合物下也是如此。因此，结合化学分析，