Previous research showed that the disposition to react with disproportionate aggression in adults is influenced by an interaction between a variant in the X-chromosomal monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) and early traumatic events. Such studies have often focused on a single type of trauma, whereas we know that experiencing multiple trauma types is associated with more detrimental consequences. The differential susceptibility hypothesis suggests that individuals who are most susceptible to adversity, are also most likely to benefit from supportive experiences in childhood. Differences in susceptibility are thought to be partly genetically driven. In the present study we explored whether a genotype of MAOA linked to lower expression of the gene (MAOA-L) modified the effect of multiple types of trauma on aggression and/or altered responsiveness to treatment among adults with severe aggression. Forensic psychiatric outpatients (FPOs) (N=150) receiving treatment for aggression regulation problems were recruited. Traumatic events and aggression were measured using self-report. FPOs with multiple trauma types and those with the MAOA-L allele reported more severe levels of aggression. No interaction effects between MAOA genotype and trauma emerged. There were no differences in response to the intervention between FPOs with and without the MAOA-L variant, whereas FPOs with a single type of trauma showed the slowest reduction of aggression. FPOs with multiple types of trauma reported the highest levels of aggression over the course of treatment. Future research is needed to elucidate this association in further detail. The current study emphasized the importance of early recognition of early traumatic events.

中文翻译：

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多种创伤类型和 MAOA 与严重攻击行为的关联以及 MAOA 对训练结果的影响

先前的研究表明，成年人对不成比例的攻击性做出反应的倾向受到 X 染色体单胺氧化酶 A 基因 (MAOA) 中的变异与早期创伤事件之间相互作用的影响。此类研究通常集中在单一类型的创伤上，而我们知道，经历多种创伤类型会带来更有害的后果。差异易感性假设表明，最易受逆境影响的人也最有可能从童年时期的支持性经历中受益。易感性的差异被认为部分是由基因驱动的。在本研究中，我们探讨了与该基因 (MAOA-L) 低表达相关的 MAOA 基因型是否会改变多种类型的创伤对具有严重攻击性的成年人的攻击性和/或改变对治疗的反应性的影响。招募了因攻击性调节问题而接受治疗的法医精神病门诊 (FPO) (N=150)。使用自我报告测量创伤事件和攻击性。具有多种创伤类型的 FPO 和具有 MAOA-L 等位基因的 FPO 报告了更严重的攻击性。MAOA 基因型与创伤之间没有相互作用。有和没有 MAOA-L 变体的 FPO 对干预的反应没有差异，而具有单一类型创伤的 FPO 表现出的攻击性降低最慢。具有多种类型创伤的 FPO 在治疗过程中报告了最高水平的攻击性。未来的研究需要更详细地阐明这种关联。目前的研究强调了早期识别早期创伤事件的重要性。