Superhydrophobic films were prepared using dispersions of fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or nanofibers (CNFs) in toluene. The grafting of polystyrene allowed stable dispersions to be obtained. The grafting of polystyrene (PS), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyaniline (PANI) onto nanofibers and MWCNTs was first evidenced by solid state NMR and Infrared Spectroscopy. The graft polymerization of styrene, acrylic acid and aniline monomers was initiated by radicals (dangling bonds) formed due to the initial fluorination. The process appeared as highly versatile and efficient for different polymers. The consumption of those radicals in the course of grafting was evidenced by EPR, through decrease of the spin density. The hydrophobic/hydrophilic character was tuned according to the grafted polymer nature, i.e. hydrophobic with PS or hydrophilic with PAA. Finally, in order to reach superhydrophobicity, films were prepared from CNFs or MWCNTs, irrespective of their average diameter, that allowed adequate structuring of the surface. The presence of fluorine atoms on their surface also favors superhydrophobicity. Water contact angles of 155 ± 2° and 159 ± 2° were measured for the films casted from fluorinated CNFs or MWCNTs with grafted polystyrene, respectively.

中文翻译：

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通过气相单体接枝到碳纳米管上的超疏水性

使用氟化多壁碳纳米管 (MWCNT) 或纳米纤维 (CNF) 在甲苯中的分散体制备超疏水薄膜。聚苯乙烯的接枝允许获得稳定的分散体。聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚丙烯酸（PAA）和聚苯胺（PANI）在纳米纤维和多壁碳纳米管上的接枝首先通过固态核磁共振和红外光谱得到证实。苯乙烯、丙烯酸和苯胺单体的接枝聚合是由初始氟化形成的自由基（悬空键）引发的。对于不同的聚合物，该过程似乎具有高度通用性和效率。通过自旋密度的降低，EPR 证明了接枝过程中这些自由基的消耗。根据接枝聚合物的性质调整疏水/亲水特性，即 PS疏水或PAA亲水。最后，为了达到超疏水性，无论平均直径如何，都由 CNF 或 MWCNT 制备薄膜，这使得表面具有足够的结构。它们表面上氟原子的存在也有利于超疏水性。对于由氟化 CNF 或 MWCNT 与接枝聚苯乙烯浇铸的薄膜，分别测量了 155 ± 2° 和 159 ± 2° 的水接触角。