Recent observational and experimental evidence for the presence of complex organics in space is reviewed. Remote astronomical observations have detected $$\sim $$∼200 gas-phased molecules through their rotational and vibrational transitions. Many classes of organic molecules are represented in this list, including some precursors to biological molecules. A number of unidentified spectral phenomena observed in the interstellar medium are likely to have originated from complex organics. The observations of these features in distant galaxies suggests that organic synthesis had already taken place during the early epochs of the Universe. In the Solar System, almost all biologically relevant molecules can be found in the soluble component of carbonaceous meteorites. Complex organics of mixed aromatic and aliphatic structures are present in the insoluble component of meteorites. Hydrocarbons cover much of the surface of the planetary satellite Titan and complex organics are found in comets and interplanetary dust particles. The possibility that the early Solar System, or even the early Earth, have been enriched by interstellar organics is discussed.

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从太阳系到遥远星系的太空中的复杂有机物

回顾了太空中存在复杂有机物的最新观察和实验证据。远程天文观测已通过旋转和振动跃迁检测到 200 个气相分子。许多类别的有机分子都列在这个列表中，包括一些生物分子的前体。在星际介质中观察到的许多不明光谱现象很可能源自复杂的有机物。对遥远星系中这些特征的观察表明，在宇宙的早期时代已经发生了有机合成。在太阳系中，几乎所有与生物相关的分子都可以在碳质陨石的可溶性成分中找到。混合芳香族和脂肪族结构的复杂有机物存在于陨石的不溶性成分中。碳氢化合物覆盖了行星卫星泰坦的大部分表面，在彗星和行星际尘埃颗粒中发现了复杂的有机物。讨论了早期太阳系，甚至早期地球被星际有机物富集的可能性。