While the last decades have seen considerable efforts to control molecular packing in organic crystals, the idea of controlling packing in organic glasses is relatively unexplored. Glasses have many advantageous properties that crystals lack, such as macroscopic homogeneity and compositional flexibility, but packing in organic glasses is generally considered to be isotropic and highly disordered. Here we review and compare four areas of recent research activity showing control over anisotropic packing in organic glasses: (1) anisotropic glasses of low molecular weight organic semiconductors prepared by physical vapor deposition, (2) the use of mesogens to produce anisotropic glasses by cooling equilibrium liquid crystal phases, (3) the preparation of highly anisotropic glassy solids by vapor-depositing low molecular weight mesogens, and (4) anisotropic films of polymeric semiconductors prepared by spin-coating or solution casting. We delineate the connections between these areas with the hope of cross-fertilizing progress in the development of anisotropic glassy materials.

尽管最近几十年来在控制有机晶体中的分子堆积方面做出了巨大的努力，但控制有机玻璃中的堆积的想法仍未得到开发。玻璃具有许多晶体所缺乏的有利特性，例如宏观均匀性和组成柔韧性，但是有机玻璃中的填充通常被认为是各向同性的，并且高度无序。在这里，我们回顾和比较最近的研究活动的四个领域，这些领域显示了对有机玻璃中各向异性填充的控制：（1）通过物理气相沉积法制备的低分子量有机半导体各向异性玻璃；（2）利用介晶通过冷却生产各向异性玻璃平衡液晶相；（3）通过气相沉积低分子量介晶制备高度各向异性的玻璃状固体，（4）通过旋涂或溶液流延制备的聚合物半导体的各向异性膜。我们描述了这些区域之间的联系，希望能在各向异性玻璃材料的开发中取得互惠互利的进步。