Abstract In the great adventure of two-dimensional (2D) materials, the characterization techniques are the lighthouse to guide the investigators across heavy mist and submerged reef. In this review, we highlight the recent achievements in the characterization of the 2D materials. Firstly, the methods to identify the fundamental properties of the 2D materials are introduced. Then, the specific characterization techniques for analyzing electric, optical and chemical properties are summarized with regards to their corresponding fields of applications. It should also be noted that a big challenge remains in the characterizations of the 2D materials in the hybrid or composite and wide acceptance of the characterization standards need to be established to further promote the industrialization of 2D materials in the near future.

中文翻译：

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拨开平地迷雾：二维材料表征的最新进展

摘要 在二维（2D）材料的大冒险中，表征技术是指引探索者穿越重雾和暗礁的灯塔。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了二维材料表征方面的最新成就。首先，介绍了识别二维材料基本特性的方法。然后，针对其相应的应用领域总结了用于分析电学、光学和化学性质的具体表征技术。还需要指出的是，二维材料在混合或复合材料的表征仍然存在很大的挑战，需要建立广泛接受的表征标准，以在不久的将来进一步推动二维材料的产业化。