The evolutionary trajectory of early complex life on Earth is interpreted largely from the fossils of the Precambrian soft-bodied Ediacara Biota, which appeared and evolved during a time of dynamic biogeochemical and environmental fluctuation in the global ocean. The Ediacara Biota is historically divided into three successive Assemblages—the Avalon, the White Sea, and the Nama—which are marked by the appearance of novel biological traits and ecological strategies. In particular, the younger White Sea and Nama Assemblages record a “second wave” of ecological innovations, which included not only the development of uniquely Ediacaran body plans and ecologies, such as matground adaptations, but also the dual emergence of bilaterian-grade animals and Phanerozoic-style ecological innovations, including spatial heterogeneity, complex reproductive strategies, ecospace utilization, motility, and substrate competition. The late Ediacaran was an evolutionarily dynamic time characterized by strong environmental cont...

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动物在不断变化的环境中的崛起：埃迪卡拉纪晚期的全球生态创新

地球上早期复杂生命的进化轨迹主要是根据前寒武纪软体埃迪卡拉生物群的化石来解释的，这些生物群是在全球海洋动态生物地球化学和环境波动时期出现和进化的。埃迪卡拉生物群在历史上被分为三个连续的组合——阿瓦隆、白海和纳马——以新的生物特征和生态策略的出现为标志。特别是，较年轻的白海和纳马组合记录了生态创新的“第二波”，其中不仅包括埃迪卡拉纪独特的身体计划和生态的发展，例如垫地适应，还包括双边级动物的双重出现和显生宙式生态创新，包括空间异质性，复杂的繁殖策略、生态空间利用、运动性和基质竞争。埃迪卡拉纪晚期是一个以强烈的环境控制为特征的进化动态时期...