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Solar Prominences: Observations
Living Reviews in Solar Physics ( IF 20.9 ) Pub Date : 2014-03-12 , DOI: 10.12942/lrsp-2014-1
Susanna Parenti

Solar prominences are one of the most common features of the solar atmosphere. They are found in the corona but they are one hundred times cooler and denser than the coronal material, indicating that they are thermally and pressure isolated from the surrounding environment. Because of these properties they appear at the limb as bright features when observed in the optical or the EUV cool lines. On the disk they appear darker than their background, indicating the presence of a plasma absorption process (in this case they are called filaments). Prominence plasma is embedded in a magnetic environment that lies above magnetic inversion lines, denoted a filament channel.This paper aims at providing the reader with the main elements that characterize these peculiar structures, the prominences and their environment, as deduced from observations. The aim is also to point out and discuss open questions on prominence existence, stability and disappearance.The review starts with a general introduction of these features and the instruments used for their observation. Section 2 presents the large scale properties, including filament morphology, thermodynamical parameters, magnetic fields, and the properties of the surrounding coronal cavity, all in stable conditions. Section 3 is dedicated to small-scale observational properties, from both the morphological and dynamical points of view. Section 4 introduces observational aspects during prominence formation, while Section 5 reviews the sources of instability leading to prominence disappearance or eruption. Conclusions and perspectives are given in Section 6.

中文翻译:

太阳的突出之处:观察

太阳的突出是太阳大气层最常见的特征之一。它们被发现在日冕中,但比日冕物质凉爽和致密一百倍,表明它们与周围环境隔绝了热量和压力。由于这些特性,当在光学或EUV冷线中观察时,它们在肢体上表现为明亮的特征。在磁盘上,它们看起来比其背景更暗,表明存在等离子体吸收过程(在这种情况下,它们称为细丝)。突出等离子体嵌入在磁反转线上方的磁性环境中,该电磁环境表示为细丝通道。本文旨在为读者提供表征这些特殊结构,突出及其环境的主要元素,这些元素是通过观测得出的。目的还在于指出和讨论关于突出存在,稳定和消失的悬而未决的问题。第2节介绍了在稳定条件下的大尺度特性,包括细丝形态,热力学参数,磁场以及周围冠状腔的特性。第3节从形态和动力学的角度致力于小规模的观测特性。第4节介绍了突起形成过程中的观测方面,而第5节则回顾了导致突起消失或爆发的不稳定性来源。结论和观点在第6节中给出。稳定性和消失。审查从对这些特征和用于观察它们的仪器的一般介绍开始。第2节介绍了在稳定条件下的大尺度特性,包括细丝形态,热力学参数,磁场以及周围冠状腔的特性。第3节从形态和动力学的角度致力于小规模的观测特性。第4节介绍了突起形成过程中的观测方面,而第5节则回顾了导致突起消失或爆发的不稳定性来源。结论和观点在第6节中给出。稳定性和消失。审查从对这些特征和用于观察它们的仪器的一般介绍开始。第2节介绍了在稳定条件下的大尺度特性,包括细丝形态,热力学参数,磁场以及周围冠状腔的特性。第3节从形态和动力学的角度致力于小规模的观测特性。第4节介绍了突起形成过程中的观测方面,而第5节则回顾了导致突起消失或爆发的不稳定性来源。结论和观点在第6节中给出。包括灯丝形态,热力学参数,磁场以及周围冠状腔的性质,都处于稳定的条件下。第3节从形态和动力学的角度致力于小规模的观测特性。第4节介绍了突起形成过程中的观测方面,而第5节则回顾了导致突起消失或爆发的不稳定性来源。结论和观点在第6节中给出。包括灯丝形态,热力学参数,磁场以及周围冠状腔的性质,都处于稳定的条件下。第3节从形态和动力学的角度致力于小规模的观测特性。第4节介绍了突起形成过程中的观测方面,而第5节则回顾了导致突起消失或爆发的不稳定性来源。结论和观点在第6节中给出。而第5节则回顾了导致突出消失或喷发的不稳定来源。结论和观点在第6节中给出。而第5节则回顾了导致突出消失或喷发的不稳定来源。结论和观点在第6节中给出。
更新日期:2014-03-12
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