Reconfigurable metamaterials have emerged as promising platforms for manipulating the spectral and spatial properties of terahertz waves without being limited by the characteristics of naturally existing materials. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of various types of reconfigurable metamaterials that are utilized to manipulate the intensity, phase, polarization, and propagation direction of terahertz waves. We discuss various reconfiguration mechanisms based on optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical stimuli while using semiconductors, superconductors, phase-change materials, graphene, and electromechanical structures. The advantages and disadvantages of different reconfigurable metamaterial designs in terms of modulation efficiency, modulation bandwidth, modulation speed, and system complexity are discussed in detail.

中文翻译：

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用于太赫兹波操作的可重构超材料

可重构超材料已成为操纵太赫兹波的光谱和空间特性而不受自然存在材料特性限制的有前途的平台。在这里，我们全面概述了用于操纵太赫兹波的强度、相位、偏振和传播方向的各种类型的可重构超材料。我们讨论了使用半导体、超导体、相变材料、石墨烯和机电结构时基于光、电、热和机械刺激的各种重构机制。详细讨论了不同可重构超材料设计在调制效率、调制带宽、调制速度和系统复杂度方面的优缺点。