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Anomalously low vacancy formation energies and migration barriers at Cu/AlN interfaces from ab initio calculations Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Yann Muller, Andrej Antušek, Lars P.H. Jeurgens, Vladyslav Turlo
It is well known that interfaces in nanomaterials can act as ultra-fast short-circuit diffusion paths, as originating from local structural, chemical and/or electronic modifications at the interface. For example, the interface diffusivity of Cu in Cu/AlN nanomultilayers can be up to two orders of magnitude higher as compared to the bulk, which may promote interfacial premelting of Cu. Extensive ab
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Grain size-dependent delay of avalanches during void evolution in a nanocrystalline Ni Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Heng Li, Yan Chen, Lei Zhao, Hongjiang Li, Hongxiang Zong, Shuang Han, Jianshe Lian, Xiaozhou Liao, Xiangdong Ding, Jun Sun
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Large recoverable strains with high recovery rates via cooperative regulation of texture and precipitation in additive manufactured NiTi alloy Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 C. Yang, Z.Y. Huang, T. Chen, H.Z. Lu, H.W. Ma, H.Z. Li, A. Yan, P.X. Li, H. Hosoda, W.S. Cai
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Enhanced tensile properties of truss lattice architectures with triply periodic minimal surface nodes Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Shaofan Ge, Qianduo Zhuang, Hua Mei, Jiacong Xu, Di Zhang, Zan Li
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Flash sintering can induce an anisotropic microstructure in ceramics. A phase field modeling insight Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 José Antonio Bejarano-Palma, Bibi Malmal Moshtaghioun, Francisco Luis Cumbrera, Diego Gómez-García
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Phase transformation in the palladium hydrogen system: Effects of boundary conditions on phase stabilities Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Alexander Dyck, Thomas Böhlke, Astrid Pundt, Stefan Wagner
Different elastic constraint conditions affect the phase stabilities of metal-hydrogen systems. This is studied considering the free energy density within a chemo-mechanically coupled approach with linear elastic deformations and homogeneous concentrations. Utilizing the palladium-hydrogen alloy as a model system, the effects of various mechanical constraints in 1D, 2D and 3D are investigated. These
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Correlative synchrotron absorption edge tomography and microtomography provide insights into the effect of element distribution within intermetallic phases on the fracture behaviour of cast Al-Si alloys Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Katrin Bugelnig, Holger Germann, Thomas Steffens, Fabian Wilde, Guillermo Requena
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Active operative heat storage application using thermoelastic martensitic transformation in TiNi-based alloy Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 H. Nakayama, A. Fujita, Y. Kinemuchi
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Crystallographic contributions to grain boundary cracking in an age-hardened copper alloy Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Felicity F. Worsnop, C. Cem Taşan
Grain boundary cracking is an important failure mode for many structural alloys, motivating study of the contributing factors in order to explore strategies to improve toughness. Previous studies suggest that certain boundaries exhibit this mode of cracking more frequently than others. To improve our understanding, the microstructural factors that influence crack nucleation under tensile loading were
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Fe-Co-Ni-Cu high entropy magnetic nanoparticles with high magnetothermal properties Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Mengyun Jia, Dingliang Liang, Qing Du, Hui Wang, Yuan Wu, Suihe Jiang, Xiaobin Zhang, Haihui Ruan, Xiongjun Liu, Zhaoping Lu
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Role of grain boundary energy on particle dissolution induced abnormal grain growth Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Partha Sarathi De, Subramanya Sarma Vadlamani, Srikanth Vedantam
Despite decades of research, there is no agreement on the mechanisms contributing to the abnormal growth of {110}〈001〉 oriented Goss grains in Fe-Si electrical steels. Recently, it was shown that preferential dissolution of second-phase particles on the grain boundaries (GBs) near Goss grains leads to depinning and consequent abnormal growth. Careful analysis of microstructures from experimental results
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Vortex-like magnetic domain evolution in soft magnetic dual-phase Fe-Co-Ti-Ge compositionally complex alloy Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Xukai Zhang, Gerhard Dehm, Christian H. Liebscher
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Accelerated structural ordering during liquid metal dealloying and its effect on thermal coarsening of nanoporous refractory alloys Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Takeshi Wada, Akira Nakata, Ruirui Song, Hidemi Kato
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Enhanced precipitation hardening in nanograined CuCrZr alloy Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 X.L. Liang, D.Y. Liu, Z.L. Shen, N.R. Tao
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Vicinal (111) surfaces at Si solid-liquid interface during unidirectional solidification Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Shashank Shekhar Mishra, Lu-Chung Chuang, Jun Nozawa, Kensaku Maeda, Haruhiko Morito, Kozo Fujiwara, Thierry Duffar
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On the origins of Mn-dependent magnetic properties of LaFe11.5-xMnxSi1.5 compounds Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Linglu Wu, Linze Li, Can Zhao, Dunhui Wang, Haiming Lu, Yidong Xia
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Macroscopic demagnetization of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by Tb grain boundary diffusion Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Jinghui Di, Huiqiang Liu, Hui Meng, Christina H Chen, Min Zou, Xiongfei Wu, Chao Yu, Chaoyue Zhang, Shengli Jia, Qifeng Wei, Baoguo Zhang
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Achieving ultra-strong and ductile CoNi-based FCC multi-principal element alloys via alloying with refractory Mo and W Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Tao Huang, Kaiju Lu, Fengchun Jiang, Xiao Zhou, Qing Zhou, Zhibin Zhang, Yongxiong Chen, Zhenfeng Hu, Xiubing Liang
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Unravelling entropic features of La(Fe,Si)13Hy-based refrigerant inside an active magnetic regenerative bed component via in-situ magnetic observations Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Asaya Fujita, Kaoru Imaizumi
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Synergistic control of plastic instability behavior by multi-heterogeneous austenite morphologies and stacking fault networks in 3Mn steel Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Shuai Zhao, Renbo Song, Yingchao Zhang, Weifeng Huo, Shengrui Su, Shukun Jing
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On the role of interfacial coherency and carbon in niobium segregation at ferrite/austenite interface: An atomistic study Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jun Chai, Haokai Dong, Jin-Yu Zhang, Kun Shen, Zhigang Yang, Hao Chen
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Identification and analysis of a reverse dynamic strain ageing in welded joints of C-Mn steels in the secondary circuit welds of nuclear power plants Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 W. Mottay, K. Hoummada, Y. Bréchet, V. Massardier, C. Perrin-Pellegrino, P. Maugis, F. Roch, M. Gouné
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Stability of incommensurately modulated Ni50Mn27Ga22Fe1 10M martensite under uniaxial tensile stress Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 M. Vinogradova, A. Sozinov, L. Straka, P. Veřtát, O. Heczko, M. Zelený, R. Chulist, K. Ullakko
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Micromagnetic simulations of Nd-Fe-B hot-deformed magnets subjected to eutectic grain boundary diffusion process Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Anton Bolyachkin, Ekaterina Dengina, Hossein Sepehri-Amin, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, Kazuhiro Hono
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Ultrastrong and ductile metastable Fe-rich medium-entropy alloy with high-density nanolamellar L12 precipitates Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Shidong Wang, Jinhua Wang, Yue Sun, Zhigang Yang, Gang Sha, Zengbao Jiao, Hao Chen
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Edge dislocation depinning from hydrogen atmosphere in α-iron Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Mehmet Fazil Kapci, Ping Yu, Jaime Marian, Guisen Liu, Yao Shen, Yang Li, Burak Bal
Understanding the dislocation motion in hydrogen atmosphere is essential for revealing the hydrogen-related degradation in metallic materials. Atomic simulations were adopted to investigate the interaction between dislocations and hydrogen atoms, where the realistic hydrogen distribution in the vicinity of the dislocation core was emulated from the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo computations. The depinning
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Abnormal rapidly homogenized joining of aluminum alloys through a cross-scale diffusion Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Pu Zhao, Zhengwei Li, Zhiwu Xu, Jiuchun Yan
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Enhanced power factor and figure of merit through magnesium doping in Sb2Si2Te6 Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Chengjun Li, Yubo Luo, Wang Li, Linhan Yang, Wenyuan Ma, Zheng Ma, Chengwei Sun, Boyu Yang, Yingchao Wei, Xin Li, Junyou Yang
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On the athermal origin of flash sintering: Separating field-induced effects from Joule heating using a current ramp approach Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Sandra Molina-Molina, Antonio Perejón, Luis A. Pérez-Maqueda, Pedro E. Sánchez-Jiménez
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Strain partitioning in dual-phase eutectic high-entropy alloy: Dependence on phase boundary morphology Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 D.C. Huang, X.X. Ran, Y. Cai, X.H. Liu, L. Lu
Strain partitioning in dual-phase eutectic high-entropy alloy, AlCoCrFeNi, is investigated under uniaxial tension with high-resolution digital image correlation (DIC) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanoscale speckles are fabricated on the sample surface. Three regions with different phase morphologies at different applied strains are characterized by SEM for DIC analysis. Strain localization
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Optical and mechanical properties of rutile TiO2 subjected to AC flash processing Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Hiroshi Masuda, Tomoharu Tokunaga, Takahisa Yamamoto, Hidehiro Yoshida
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Unveiling crystallization and relaxation dynamics interplay in a deeply supercooled glass Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Lorena R. Rodrigues, Alexander S. Abyzov, Vladimir M. Fokin, María H.R. Acosta, Marcio L.F. Nascimento, Leonid N. Davydov, Edgar D. Zanotto
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Exceptional ultra-high temperature creep resistance of a [111]- oriented single crystal superalloy Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Yuanhang Gao, Yi Ru, Wenyue Zhao, Yanling Pei, Shusuo Li, Shengkai Gong
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Inhomogeneous domain switching near an electrode edge in orthorhombic K0.5Na0.5NbO3 piezoceramic Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Jianwei Zhao, Stephen D. Funni, Brigita Kmet, Emily R. Molina, Dawei Wang, Barbara Malič, Elizabeth C. Dickey, Jacob L. Jones
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High-entropy chromate (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)CrO3 for high-temperature NTC thermistors Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Xiaoyi Chen, Xiaohui Li, Zhaoyang Chen, Fuming Li, Wenwen Kong, Aimin Chang, Bo Gao
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Effect of burst-type martensitic transformation on superelastic and elastocaloric properties in a 〈116〉 oriented Cu70.5Al17.5Mn12 single crystal Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Yueping Wang, Cong Liu, Honglin Wang, Zongbin Li, Jinwei Li, Bo Yang, Haile Yan, Liang Zuo
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Enhanced magnetostriction of 〈001〉 oriented Fe81Ga19 by non-rare-earth element doping Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Bin Chen, Yuanyuan Gong, Zhishuo Zhang, Tingting Zhang, Shuang Pan, Yong Guo, Feng Xu
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Wetting of L10 twin and antiphase boundaries by nanometer-scale L12 in Fe-Pd alloys Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Adrian Savovici, Yongmei M. Jin, William A. Soffa, Jerrold A. Floro
This paper reports microstructure associated with the L1 and L1 two-phase coexistence region in magnetic Fe-Pd alloys and analyzes the observed complex nanometer scale wetting layer structures. Fe - 61.8 at% Pd samples were continuously cooled from the disordered A1 phase through the eutectoid isotherm and aged at 650 °C for various times. X-ray diffraction reveals that the samples first order to L1
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On simulating diffusional phase transformation in diffusion triple Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Shilin Xia, Genfeng Shang, Ying Li, Xiao-Gang Lu
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Solid solution strengthening of the body-centered cubic refractory complex concentrated alloy, MoNbTaW Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 S.I. Rao, D. Miracle, O.N. Senkov
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Shuffling pathway of anti-twinning in body-centered-cubic metals Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Hongxian Xie, Gaobing Wei, Jun-Ping Du, Akio Ishii, Guanghong Lu, Peijun Yu, Shigenobu Ogata
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Reversible charge injection in artificially created charged domain wall region Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Dongfang Chen, Xiaojun Tan, Xu Jiang, Jun Jiang
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How UV irradiation enhances electrical conductance at a grain boundary in SrTiO3 Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Manlika Sriondee, Nant Nammahachak, Tanachat Eknapakul, Arunothai Rattanachata, Chanan Euaruksakul, Hideki Nakajima, Narit Triamnak, Kitiphat Sinthiptharakoon, Worawat Meevasana, Sutatch Ratanaphan
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Mapping formation mechanisms and transformation regimes of multiple Fe precipitates in Cu-Fe-Co alloy during casting process Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Kaixuan Chen, Yumeng Chen, Chenyu Zhao, Fanyun Zhang, Xiangkai Chen, Kaisheng Ming, Helena Zapolsky, Yuzhi Zhu, Xiaohua Chen, Huahai Mao, Zidong Wang
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Solute segregation at the stacking faults in the γ phase of Ni-based single crystal superalloys Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Kai Wu, Wenqi Guo, Surendra Kumar Makineni, Xiaoxiang Wu
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Revealing the roles of martensitic transformation in affecting the fatigue resistance of austenitic stainless steel with heterogeneous grain size distribution Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 W.P. Li, B.B. He, Y.H. Sun, H.W. Yen, M.X. Huang, C. Jiang
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Formation mechanism of ultrafine α+β structure in Ti-6Al-4V alloy during β→αm→α+β continuous phase transformation Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Jianan Hu, Yuan Jiang, Yi Yang, Hui Xing, Fuzhou Han, Gang Zhou, Kai Zhang, Shewei Xin, Siyuan Zhang, Jian Huang, Hao Wang, Geping Li, Lai-Chang Zhang, Aijun Huang
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Temperature dependence of elastocaloric effect in a microstructurally graded NiTi alloy Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Junyu Chen, Wenqiang Wang, Qi Zhang, Liping Lei, Upadrasta Ramamurty, Gang Fang
The temperature dependence of elastocaloric cooling properties of a NiTi alloy with a grain size gradient, which was obtained by cold rolling and subsequent laser surface annealing, was evaluated and compared with those of coarse-grained and as-rolled NiTi. Results show that the adiabatic temperature change () and cooling efficiency of the gradient-structured NiTi are significantly enhanced over a
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An ultra-high strength bainitic aging steel Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Xinlei Zhou, Tianyi Zeng, Xianbo Shi, Mingchun Zhao, Wei Wang, Yanfen Li, Wei Yan
Bainite has been recognized to have both high strength and good toughness. Therefore, the isothermal quenching treatment at 220 ºC was applied to conventional maraging steel with ultra-low carbon content. It was found that the bainitic microstructure was successfully achieved by isothermal quenching treatment for this maraging steel. After aging at 500 ºC for 3 h, the tensile strength of such bainitic
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An ab initio guided study on the shear-induced fcc-hcp transition: A case study of (Ti,Al)N/ZrN multilayers Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Jie Zhang, Chun Hu, Li Chen, Yi Kong, Paul H. Mayrhofer
The cubic-wurtzite phase transition of (Ti,Al)N-based thin films at high temperatures is the chief determing factor for their thermal stability. Nevertheless, its mechanism of atomic shear is not yet well explored theoretically. Here, we correlate the coherent interfaces with wurtzite formation within (Ti,Al)N/ZrN multilayers by a combined and experimental study. Compared to (Ti,Al)N, the multilayer
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An ultrahigh energy storage density in lead-free Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-NaNbO3 based ceramics via multiple optimization strategies Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Wenhan Zeng, Xiang Niu, Yuleng Jiang, Huanwei Liu, Zihao Xu, Xubing Lu, Mingtao Xu, Hongbin Lin, Houzhu He, Xiaobo Zhao, Yingbang Yao, Tao Tao, Bo Liang, Sheng-Guo Lu
Currently, dielectric capacitors with superior charge-discharge performance, long lifetime, and high power density are drawing increasing attention, especially for lead-free ferroelectrics due to their environmental friendliness, multi-functional applications and excellent energy storage properties. In this work, lead-free relaxor ferroelectric Sr(MgTa)O (SMT)-modified NaBiTiONaNbO (NBT-NN) bulk and
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Quantification of melt pool dynamics and microstructure during simulated additive manufacturing Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 James Lamb, Ruben Ochoa, Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Jonah Klemm-Toole, McLean P. Echlin, Tao Sun, Kamel Fezzaa, Amy Clarke, Tresa M. Pollock
The dynamics of laser spot melting and metallic alloy solidification are investigated through synchrotron x-ray radiography, 3D electron backscatter diffraction data, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on a model NiMoAl alloy. Solidification velocities are measured from images to validate a CFD model of the spot melt. TriBeam tomography is used to reconstruct the melt pool in 3D, characterize
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Insights into a novel refractory multi principal element alloy (Mo98W2)85Nb10(TiHf)5 and advancements in oxidation resistance upto 1300 °C through silicide coatings Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Arijit Das, Sanjib Majumdar
In the present work, a novel refractory multi-principal element alloy (MoW)Nb(TiHf) was developed through comprehensive material testing, including high-temperature exposure and oxidation resistance assessments. It was found that after pack siliconizing, the samples could withstand high temperatures up to 1300 °C with a marginal weight change of 0.255 mg/cm during four hours holding time. The overall
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Thermal explosive synthesis of MoAlB Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Mariia Teslia, Serhii Teslia, Ievgen Solodkyi
The thermal explosion method was used to synthesize pure MoAlB. First of all, thermodynamic evaluation of the synthesis based on the Gibbs potentials was performed. The thermal explosion was initiated by synthesis in hydrogen atmosphere at 500–900 °C. The analysis of the synthesized materials was carried out by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy along with local chemical analysis. As a result
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The spin glass and zero-field cooling exchange bias effect observed above the curie temperature in Ni2MnSb polycrystalline Heusler alloy Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Fanghua Tian, Qizhong Zhao, Jiale Guo, Yin Zhang, Tieyan Chang, Rui Zhang, Murtaza Adil, Chao Zhou, Kaiyan Cao, Sen Yang
The exchange bias after zero-field cooling based on the spin glass state has the potential for widespread technical practicality. However, it is limited by the lower frozen temperature (< 150 K) of traditional spin glass, which hinders its practical application. In this work, the nano-ferromagnetic characteristic was observed above the curie temperature in the NiMnSb polycrystalline alloy, induced
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Grain boundary and twin boundary solute segregations in nanocrystalline Al-Mg alloy Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 X.Y. Sheng, Z. Shang, A.Y. Shang, H. Wang, X. Zhang
Chemical segregations at grain boundaries (GBs) have been broadly investigated in Al alloys. However, there are limited experimental evidence demonstrating the dependence of solute segregation on GB characteristics. Here, we quantified solute segregation at GBs in nanocrystalline Al-1Mg (at.%) alloy by combining energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy
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Large pores promote abnormal grain growth behavior in calcia doped alumina Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Daniel P. DeLellis, Amanda R. Krause
This work demonstrates that large pores promote abnormal grain growth, a commonly observed but poorly understood behavior. To investigate this phenomenon, calcia doped aluminum oxide is used as a model ceramic because of its known propensity for abnormal grain growth. Controlled porous microstructures are fabricated using polymer microspheres with nominal diameters approximately an order of magnitude
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Restrained diffusional transformation in high entropy (TiZrVNbTa)2AlC ceramic under He ions irradiation Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Xiao-Jie Guo, Weichao Bao, Xin-Gang Wang, Ying Lu, Chenxi Zhu, Xiao-Ting Xin, Fangfang Xu, Guo-Jun Zhang
The high-entropy (HE) effect has been reported to be able to improve the structural stability of materials under irradiation. However, whether the HE strategy is also effective for MAX phases having specific metal-carbide intercalating structures and suffering from serious diffusional transformation under irradiation remains unknown. In this study, NbAlC and high-entropy (TiZrVNbTa)AlC were prepared
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Deformation induced self-accommodation morphology transition from triangular to nano-twinned martensite in Ti-Nb-Zr shape memory alloys Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Bin Wang, Yulin Chen, Zhiyuan Xu, Chen Chen, Jian Zhang
Ti-Nb ( < 24) shape memory alloys (SMAs) typically exhibit triangular self-accommodation morphology of α” martensite after thermal β→α” transformation, whereas α” variants contain no internal twins. In present work, we found an interesting transition from the self-accommodated triangular into nano-twinned martensite morphology during tensile deformation in solution treated Ti-20Nb-(3, 6)Zr SMAs. Such
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Amorphization of nano-Mg layers in LPSO-containing magnesium alloy during cyclic deformation Scr. Mater. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 X.H. Shao, C. He, H.Q. Liu, N. Su, Y.J. Wu, Q. Chen, X.L. Ma
Microstructural evolution during fatigue is of significance for understanding the fatigue cracking of metallic alloys. Here, we visualized amorphization near the fatigue facets for an Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy with long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase upon very high cycle fatigue (VHCF). The small amorphous patches occurred in the relatively soft nano-Mg layers, compared to the hard LPSO phase, and