A novel enzyme-free and all-carbon photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioprobe, based on carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube–Congo red–fullerene nanohybrids (MWNTCOOH–CR–C₆₀), for the ultrasensitive immunosensing of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was reported. The MWNTCOOH–CR–C₆₀ nanohybrids, prepared by mechanically grinding a mixture of MWNTCOOH, C₆₀, and CR at a certain mass ratio, had good water dispersibility and high PEC conversion efficiency in visible light ranges. Covalent binding of the detection antibody of CEA on the MWNTCOOH–CR–C₆₀ nanohybrids produced a sensitive PEC bioprobe for detection of CEA by sandwich immunosensing. The corresponding immunosensor, employing an inexpensive and portable green laser light, possessed a wide calibration range of 1.0 pg/mL∼100.0 ng/mL and a low detection limit of 0.1 pg/mL (calculated 5 zmol for a 10.0 μL sample solution) (S/N = 3), which was successfully applied to the detection of CEA in serum samples from both healthy people and cancer patients. The present work thus demonstrated the promising application of fullerene-based nanocomposites in developing highly sensitive, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective PEC biosensors.

中文翻译：

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超低价全可见光激光对肿瘤标志物的Zeptomole免疫传感的超灵敏的全碳光电化学探针。

报道了一种基于羧化多壁碳纳米管-刚果红-富勒烯纳米杂化物（MWNTCOOH-CR-C ₆₀）的新型无酶全碳光电化学（PEC）生物探针，用于癌胚抗原（CEA）的超灵敏免疫传感。通过以一定的质量比机械研磨MWNTCOOH，C ₆₀和CR的混合物而制备的MWNTCOOH–CR–C ₆₀纳米杂化物在可见光范围内具有良好的水分散性和高PEC转化效率。CEA检测抗体在MWNTCOOH–CR–C ₆₀上的共价结合纳米杂种产生了一种灵敏的PEC生物探针，可通过夹心免疫检测来检测CEA。相应的免疫传感器采用廉价且便携式的绿色激光，具有1.0 pg / mL〜100.0 ng / mL的宽校正范围和0.1 pg / mL的低检测限（对于10.0μL样品溶液计算为5 zmol）（ S / N = 3），已成功应用于健康人和癌症患者血清样品中CEA的检测。因此，本工作证明了基于富勒烯的纳米复合材料在开发高度灵敏，环保且经济高效的PEC生物传感器中的应用前景。