In this proof-of-concept study, an ultralight graphene oxide aerogel (GOx-Aero) decorated with bimetallic palladium–iron nanoparticles (Pd–Fe) was synthesized and immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for electrochemical sensor applications. The main objective of this work was to develop a sensitive electrochemical sensor capable of simultaneously detecting eight biomolecules, including ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), 8-hydroxyguanine (8HG), guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an electrochemical sensor has been able to detect eight biomolecules simultaneously. The bimetallic GOx aerogel significantly enhanced the performance of the sensor by increasing the electroactive area, conductivity, and anodic peak current response. The sensor demonstrated sharp, well-defined, and continuous oxidation peaks for all eight analytes of interest and wide linear ranges of 5.0–1750, 0.25–100.0, 0.5–500.0, 0.5–375.0, 0.5–500.0, 0.5–500.0, 5.0–1500.0, and 5.0–1500.0 μM for AA, DA, UA, 8HG, G, A, T, and C, respectively. The prepared sensor also exhibited excellent stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity with a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 553.7, 1.8, 69.6, 43.2, 42.9, 72.3, 57.2, and 318.4 nM for AA, DA, UA, 8HG, G, A, T, and C, respectively. The Pd–Fe-GOx-Aero-GCE was also tested in various real samples such as artificial saliva, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), salmon sperm DNA, and genomic DNA from calf thymus, where it demonstrated good recovery values. Additionally, the novel developed sensor was used to monitor the interaction between the anticancer drug, cisplatin, which has well-described binding affinity with the G and A bases in DNA. Overall, Pd–Fe-GOx-Aero-GCE displayed an extremely promising platform not only for the simultaneous detection of eight biomolecules in complex biological matrices but also for DNA–drug interaction studies toward the development of electrochemical high-throughput drug screening assays, which is of great importance in the field.

中文翻译：

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用 Pd-Fe 纳米粒子装饰的超轻 3D 氧化石墨烯气凝胶可同时检测八种生物分子

在这项概念验证研究中，合成了一种装饰有双金属钯-铁纳米粒子 (Pd-Fe) 的超轻氧化石墨烯气凝胶 (GOx-Aero)，并将其固定在用于电化学传感器应用的玻碳电极 (GCE) 上。这项工作的主要目标是开发一种灵敏的电化学传感器，能够同时检测八种生物分子，包括抗坏血酸 (AA)、多巴胺 (DA)、尿酸 (UA)、8-羟基鸟嘌呤 (8HG)、鸟嘌呤 (G)、腺嘌呤 (A)、胸腺嘧啶 (T) 和胞嘧啶 (C)。据我们所知，这是电化学传感器首次能够同时检测八个生物分子。双金属 GOx 气凝胶通过增加电活性面积、电导率和阳极峰值电流响应显着提高了传感器的性能。该传感器显示出所有八种目标分析物的尖锐、明确和连续的氧化峰，以及 5.0–1750、0.25–100.0、0.5–500.0、0.5–375.0、0.5–500.0、0.5–500.0、5.0– 的宽线性范围AA、DA、UA、8HG、G、A、T 和 C 分别为 1500.0 和 5.0–1500.0 μM。制备的传感器还表现出出色的稳定性、重现性和灵敏度，AA、DA、UA、8HG、G 的检测限 (LOD) 非常低，分别为 553.7、1.8、69.6、43.2、42.9、72.3、57.2 和 318.4 nM 、A、T 和 C。Pd-Fe-GOx-Aero-GCE 还在各种真实样本中进行了测试，例如人工唾液、人工脑脊液 (CSF)、鲑鱼精子 DNA 和来自小牛胸腺的基因组 DNA，显示出良好的回收率值。此外，新开发的传感器用于监测抗癌药物、顺铂，它与 DNA 中的 G 和 A 碱基具有良好的结合亲和力。总的来说，Pd-Fe-GOx-Aero-GCE 展示了一个非常有前途的平台，不仅可以同时检测复杂生物基质中的八种生物分子，还可以用于 DNA-药物相互作用研究，以开发电化学高通量药物筛选分析，这在该领域具有重要意义。