Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which debuted with a lot of attention based on high efficiency, are establishing as one of the most promising thin-film photovoltaic technologies. Currently, research for upscaling and commercialization through eco-friendly solvent and process systems is being attempted. This study introduces for the first time a rheological engineering-based locally supersaturated perovskite ink (LSPI) strategy for slot-die process-based PSC fabrication suitable for roll-to-roll continuous processes. Here, for the greenable slot-die process, a perovskite precursor ink composed of a low-toxic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) single solvent is used and a small amount of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) is utilized as a modulator to control the rheological properties of the ink. The addition of DCB lowers the high surface tension of the DMSO-based perovskite precursor ink to suit the slot-die process, enabling uniform wet film formation, and produces locally supersaturated colloids, i.e., perovskite seeds, that help growth into dense and large grains by heterogeneous nucleation with low Gibbs-free energy. As a result, the LSPI enables slot-die coating-based PSCs with an efficiency of 20.61% (active areas of 0.1 cm²), which allow high efficiencies of 18.66% and 17.66% (active areas of 2.7 and 8.64 cm²) to be achieved in scale-up to minimodules, respectively.

中文翻译：

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用于狭缝模头工艺的局部过饱和油墨，可实现高效且坚固的钙钛矿太阳能电池

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）一经推出就因其高效率而受到广泛关注，正在成为最有前途的薄膜光伏技术之一。目前，正在尝试通过环保溶剂和工艺系统进行升级和商业化研究。这项研究首次引入了基于流变工程的局部过饱和钙钛矿油墨（LSPI）策略，用于基于槽模工艺的 PSC 制造，适用于卷对卷连续工艺。这里，对于可绿色狭缝模头工艺，使用由低毒二甲基亚砜（DMSO）单一溶剂组成的钙钛矿前驱体墨水，并使用少量1,2-二氯苯（DCB）作为调节剂来控制油墨的流变特性。DCB的添加降低了基于DMSO的钙钛矿前驱体墨水的高表面张力，以适应狭缝模头工艺，从而能够形成均匀的湿膜，并产生局部过饱和的胶体，即钙钛矿晶种，有助于生长成致密且大的颗粒通过具有低吉布斯自由能的异质成核。因此，LSPI 使基于槽模涂层的 PSC 的效率达到 20.61%（有效面积为 0.1 cm2）²），在放大到微型模块时分别可以实现18.66% 和 17.66% 的高效率（有效面积为 2.7 和 8.64 cm ^{2 ）。}