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Impacts of divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) on PFAS bioaccumulation in freshwater macroinvertebrates representing different foraging modes
Environmental Pollution ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121938
Asa J Lewis 1 , Xiaoyan Yun 2 , Max G Lewis 3 , Erica R McKenzie 2 , Daniel E Spooner 4 , Marie J Kurz 5 , Rominder Suri 2 , Christopher M Sales 1
Affiliation  

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have extensively contaminated freshwater aquatic ecosystems where they can be transported in water and partition to sediment and biota. In this paper, three freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates with different foraging modes were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of eight perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA), three perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSA), and three fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTS) at varying divalent cation concentrations of magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+). Divalent cations can impact PFAS partitioning to solids, especially to sediments, at higher concentrations. Sediment dwelling worms (Lumbriculus variegatus), epibenthic grazing snails (Physella acuta), and sediment-dwelling filter-feeding bivalves (Elliptio complanata) were selected due to their unique foraging modes. Microcosms were composed of synthetic sediment, culture water, macroinvertebrates, and PFAS and consisted of a 28-day exposure period. L. variegatus had significantly higher PFAS bioaccumulation than P. acuta and E. complanata, likely due to higher levels of interactions with and ingestion of the contaminated sediment. “High Mg2+” (7.5 mM Mg2+) and “High Ca2+” (7.5 mM Ca2+) conditions generally had statistically higher bioaccumulation factors (BAF) than the “Reference Condition” (0.2 mM Ca2+ and 0.2 mM Mg2+) for PFAS with perfluorinated chain lengths greater than eight carbons. Long-chain PFAS dominated the PFAS profiles of the macroinvertebrates for all groups of compounds studied (PFCA, PFSA, and FTS). These results indicate that the study organism has the greatest impact on bioaccumulation, although divalent cation concentration had observable impacts between organisms depending on the environmental conditions. Elevated cation concentrations in the microcosms led to significantly greater bioaccumulation in the test organisms compared to the experimental reference conditions for long-chain PFAS.



中文翻译:

二价阳离子(Mg2+ 和 Ca2+)对代表不同觅食模式的淡水大型无脊椎动物中 PFAS 生物累积的影响

全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 已广泛污染淡水水生生态系统,它们可以在水中运输并分配到沉积物和生物群中。在这篇论文中,三种具有不同觅食模式的淡水底栖大型无脊椎动物在不同二价镁阳离子浓度(Mg 2 + ) 和钙 (Ca 2+ )。二价阳离子会影响 PFAS 在较高浓度下分配到固体,尤其是沉积物。沉积物栖虫( Lumbriculus variegatus),底栖食草蜗牛(Physella acuta)和沉积物栖息的滤食性双壳类动物(Elliptio complanata)因其独特的觅食方式而被选中微观世界由合成沉积物、养殖水、大型无脊椎动物和 PFAS 组成,暴露期为 28 天。L. variegatus 的PFAS 生物蓄积性明显高于P. acutaE. complanata,这可能是由于与受污染沉积物的相互作用和摄入水平更高。“高 Mg 2+ ”(7.5 mM Mg 2+)和“高 Ca 2+ ”(7.5 mM Ca 2+)对于全氟链长度大于八个碳的 PFAS,条件通常具有比“参考条件”(0.2 mM Ca 2+和 0.2 mM Mg 2+ )更高的生物蓄积因子 (BAF)。对于所研究的所有化合物组(PFCA、PFSA 和 FTS),长链 PFAS 主导了大型无脊椎动物的 PFAS 配置文件。这些结果表明,研究生物体对生物蓄积的影响最大,尽管根据环境条件,二价阳离子浓度在生物体之间具有可观察到的影响。与长链 PFAS 的实验参考条件相比,微观世界中升高的阳离子浓度导致测试生物体中的生物累积显着增加。

更新日期:2023-05-30
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