The high reliability and proven ultra-longevity make aqueous hydrogen gas (H₂) batteries ideal for large-scale energy storage. However, the low alkaline hydrogen evolution and oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) activities of expensive platinum catalysts severely hamper their widespread applications in H₂ batteries. Here, cost-effective, highly active electrocatalysts, with a model of ruthenium-nickel alloy nanoparticles in ≈3 nm anchored on carbon black (RuNi/C) as an example, are developed by an ultrafast electrical pulse approach for nickel-hydrogen gas (NiH₂) batteries. Having a competitive low cost of about one fifth of Pt/C benckmark, this ultrafine RuNi/C catalyst displays an ultrahigh HOR mass activity of 2.34 A mg⁻¹ at 50 mV (vs RHE) and an ultralow HER overpotential of 19.5 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². As a result, the advanced NiH₂ battery can efficiently operate under all-climate conditions (from −25 to +50 °C) with excellent durability. Notably, the NiH₂ cell stack achieves an energy density up to 183 Wh kg⁻¹ and an estimated cost of ≈49 $ kWh⁻¹ under an ultrahigh cathode Ni(OH)₂ loading of 280 mg cm⁻² and a low anode Ru loading of ≈62.5 µg cm⁻². The advanced beyond-industrial-level hydrogen gas batteries provide great opportunities for practical grid-scale energy storage applications.

中文翻译：

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用于超工业水平氢气电池的高活性电催化剂的超快电脉冲合成

高可靠性和经过验证的超长寿命使水氢气（H ₂）电池成为大规模储能的理想选择。然而，昂贵的铂催化剂的低碱性析氢和氧化反应(HER/HOR)活性严重阻碍了其在H ₂电池中的广泛应用。在这里，通过镍氢气体超快电脉冲方法开发了经济高效、高活性的电催化剂，以锚定在炭黑上的 3 nm 钌镍合金纳米颗粒模型 (RuNi/C) 为例。 NiH 2 ₎电池。这种超细 RuNi/C 催化剂具有竞争性的低成本，约为 Pt/C 基准的五分之一，在 50 mV（相对于 RHE）下具有 2.34 A mg ^-1的超高 HOR 质量活性，在 50 mV 下具有 19.5 mV 的超低 HER 过电势。 10mA cm ^-2的电流密度。因此，先进的NiH 2_电池可以在全气候条件下（-25至+50°C）高效运行，并具有出色的耐用性。值得注意的是，Ni  H ₂电池堆在280 mg cm -2的超高阴极Ni(OH) ₂负载量和较低的负载量下实现了高达183 Wh kg ^-1的能量密度和约49 $ kWh ^-1的估计成本^。阳极Ru负载量约为62.5 µg cm ^-2。先进的超工业水平的氢气电池为实际的电网规模储能应用提供了巨大的机会。