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Perceptions of Parental Responses to Gender Stereotype Violations in Children
Sex Roles ( IF 3.812 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s11199-023-01377-7
Jonah Brenner, Conor J. O’Dea, Samantha Rapp, Corinne Moss-Racusin

Although adult women and men receive social and economic penalties for violating prescriptive gender stereotypes, few studies have explored the consequences that children may face for gender stereotype violations and even less are aimed at perceptions of parental responses to gender norm deviance in their children. Across three pre-registered studies using United States-based, English-speaking participants, we examined how parents are perceived by adults when they reprimand their gender-deviant children compared to affirming or a control condition, and how children are perceived for gender-deviant behavior in a classroom setting. We found that parents were perceived negatively overall when they reprimanded their child for deviant behavior and positively overall when they were accepting of their child’s behavior (Study 1). This pattern was observed when specific behaviors were mentioned (Study 2), and when age of the child was manipulated (Study 3). We also found across all studies that as participants identified as more conservative, they rated the parents more favorably when they reprimanded their gender-deviant child, whereas political orientation was unrelated to perceptions of parents who affirmed their child for gender deviant behavior, suggesting some ambivalence about how they believed parents should respond. Our data did not rule out the possibility that boys face at least marginally more negative perceptions than girls (Study 2 and Study 3), suggesting that adults' attitudes towards gender stereotype violations for boys are less flexible than girls.



中文翻译:

父母对儿童性别刻板印象侵犯的反应的看法

尽管成年女性和男性因违反规定的性别刻板印象而受到社会和经济惩罚,但很少有研究探讨儿童可能因违反性别刻板印象而面临的后果,更不用说针对父母对孩子性别规范偏差的反应的看法。在三项使用美国母语为母语的参与者的预注册研究中,我们研究了与肯定或控制条件相比,当父母谴责他们的性别偏差儿童时,成年人如何看待他们,以及如何看待孩子的性别偏差课堂环境中的行为。我们发现,当父母因孩子的异常行为而训斥他们时,他们总体上被认为是消极的,而当他们接受孩子的行为时,他们总体上被认为是积极的(研究 1)。当提到特定行为(研究 2)和操纵儿童年龄(研究 3)时,观察到这种模式。我们还发现,在所有研究中,当参与者被认为更保守时,他们对谴责性别偏差孩子的父母的评价更高,而政治取向与肯定孩子性别偏差行为的父母的看法无关,这表明存在一些矛盾心理关于他们认为父母应该如何回应。我们的数据不排除男孩至少比女孩面临更多负面看法的可能性(研究 2 和研究 3),这表明成年人对男孩的性别刻板印象侵犯的态度不如女孩灵活。我们还发现,在所有研究中,当参与者被认为更保守时,他们对谴责性别偏差孩子的父母的评价更高,而政治取向与肯定孩子性别偏差行为的父母的看法无关,这表明存在一些矛盾心理关于他们认为父母应该如何回应。我们的数据不排除男孩至少比女孩面临更多负面看法的可能性(研究 2 和研究 3),这表明成年人对男孩的性别刻板印象侵犯的态度不如女孩灵活。我们还发现,在所有研究中,当参与者被认为更保守时,他们对谴责性别偏差孩子的父母的评价更高,而政治取向与肯定孩子性别偏差行为的父母的看法无关,这表明存在一些矛盾心理关于他们认为父母应该如何回应。我们的数据不排除男孩至少比女孩面临更多负面看法的可能性(研究 2 和研究 3),这表明成年人对男孩的性别刻板印象侵犯的态度不如女孩灵活。而政治取向与肯定孩子性别偏差行为的父母的看法无关,这表明他们对父母应该如何回应的看法有些矛盾。我们的数据不排除男孩至少比女孩面临更多负面看法的可能性(研究 2 和研究 3),这表明成年人对男孩的性别刻板印象侵犯的态度不如女孩灵活。而政治取向与肯定孩子性别偏差行为的父母的看法无关,这表明他们对父母应该如何回应的看法有些矛盾。我们的数据不排除男孩至少比女孩面临更多负面看法的可能性(研究 2 和研究 3),这表明成年人对男孩的性别刻板印象侵犯的态度不如女孩灵活。

更新日期:2023-05-29
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