The treatment and disposal of lead in wastewater is deeply troubled in industry due to the limitations of physical adsorption and exclusivity of chemical adsorption methods. Herein, an unique graphene aerogel (GA) structure, rich in active functional groups such as sulfur, carboxyl and hydroxyl, etc., is designed and synthesized from the waste graphite anode of lithium ion batteries in our work. Through the physical adsorption of the porous structure of graphene itself, combined with the chemical adsorption of special functional groups, the synergistic effect can achieve high efficiency absorption of lead in wastewater, reaching the maximum of 152.70 mg/g. The best conditions for the adsorption of lead-containing wastewater are using 50 mg of GAs for adsorbing at 30 °C for 1 h when the initial concentration is 50 mg/L. The adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, the adsorption dynamics conform to the quasi-secondary kinetic equation, and the adsorption activation energy is 47.29 kJ/mol, confirming that the adsorption is controlled by the chemical reaction. Owing to the superiority of waste recycling, our research provides a novel idea for the combined physical adsorption and chemical adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater.

由于物理吸附法的局限性和化学吸附法的排他性，废水中铅的处理处置一直困扰着工业界。在此，我们的工作以锂离子电池废石墨负极为原料，设计并合成了一种独特的石墨烯气凝胶（GA）结构，富含硫、羧基和羟基等活性官能团。通过石墨烯本身多孔结构的物理吸附，结合特殊官能团的化学吸附，协同作用可实现对废水中铅的高效吸附，最高可达152.70 mg/g。吸附含铅废水的最佳条件是在初始浓度为50 mg/L时，用50 mg GAs在30 ℃下吸附1 h。吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型，吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程，吸附活化能为47.29 kJ/mol，证实吸附受化学反应控制。由于废物回收利用的优越性，我们的研究为废水中重金属的物理吸附和化学吸附相结合提供了一种新思路。