All-inorganic CsPbI 3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with efficiencies exceeding 20% are ideal candidates for application in large-scale tandem solar cells. However, there are still two major obstacles hindering their scale-up: (i) the inhomogeneous solid-state synthesis process and (ii) the inferior stability of the photoactive CsPbI 3 black phase. Here, we have used a thermally stable ionic liquid, bis (triphenylphosphine)iminium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([PPN][TFSI]), to retard the high-temperature solid-state reaction between Cs 4 PbI 6 and DMAPbI 3 [dimethylammonium (DMA)], which enables the preparation of high-quality and large-area CsPbI 3 films in the air. Because of the strong Pb-O contacts, [PPN][TFSI] increases the formation energy of superficial vacancies and prevents the undesired phase degradation of CsPbI 3 . The resulting PSCs attained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.64% (certified 19.69%) with long-term operational stability over 1000 hours. A record efficiency of 16.89% for an all-inorganic perovskite solar module was achieved, with an active area of 28.17 cm 2 .

中文翻译：

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延迟固态反应可实现高效稳定的全无机钙钛矿太阳能电池和模块

全无机CsPbI3个效率超过 20% 的钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 是应用于大型串联太阳能电池的理想选择。然而，仍然有两个主要障碍阻碍了它们的放大：（i）不均匀的固态合成过程和（ii）光活性 CsPbI 的稳定性较差3个黑相。在这里，我们使用了一种热稳定的离子液体，之二(三苯基膦)亚胺之二(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺 ([PPN][TFSI])，延缓 Cs 之间的高温固相反应4个铅6个和DMAPbI3个[二甲基铵 (DMA)]，可制备高质量和大面积的 CsPbI3个电影在空中。由于强 Pb-O 接触，[PPN][TFSI] 增加了表面空位的形成能并防止了 CsPbI 的不希望的相退化3个. 所得 PSC 的功率转换效率 (PCE) 为 20.64%（经认证为 19.69%），并具有超过 1000 小时的长期运行稳定性。全无机钙钛矿太阳能组件的效率达到创纪录的 16.89%，有效面积为 28.17 cm2个.