Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) fatigue in repeated service, and their cycle-life, in resemblance to most materials subject to cyclic loading, scatters over a broad range. The dependence of critical fatigue parameters on ambient temperature and charging or discharging rate, along with the scattering nature of cycle-life is of practical significance. Through large-scale experimental investigations, it is shown how both temperatures and charging-discharging rates may influence critical parameters in the C − N fatigue dependence for LIBs. The cycle-life N of a battery subject to an average charging rate C follows C = c₀ (T)N^b(D), where c₀ varies with temperature T and b is a function of the discharging rate D. It is further shown that the cycle-life of LIBs follows a lognormal distribution. The revealed cycle-life distribution of LIBs and their fatigue law enable the construction of a probabilistic C − N model, which can be used to quantify the fatigue failure probability in LIBs. Results reported here are of compelling importance for the life-span evaluation and safety design of large-scale battery packing in electric vehicles and energy storage where tens of hundreds of batteries working in concert is desired.

中文翻译：

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锂离子电池C-N疲劳的运行依赖性

与大多数承受循环负载的材料类似，锂离子电池 (LIB) 在重复使用中会出现疲劳，其循环寿命分散在很宽的范围内。临界疲劳参数对环境温度和充电或放电速率的依赖性以及循环寿命的分散性具有实际意义。通过大规模实验研究，显示了温度和充放电速率如何影响锂离子电池C - N疲劳依赖性的关键参数。平均充电率C下电池的循环寿命N如下：C = c ₀ ( T ) N^{b ( D )}，其中c _0随温度T变化， b是放电速率D的函数。进一步表明，LIB 的循环寿命遵循对数正态分布。所揭示的锂离子电池的循环寿命分布及其疲劳定律使得能够构建概率C - N模型，该模型可用于量化锂离子电池的疲劳失效概率。这里报告的结果对于电动汽车和储能中大规模电池组的寿命评估和安全设计具有极其重要的意义，在这些领域中需要数以百计的电池协同工作。