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Factors limiting the spread of middle- and low-altitude fishes to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1193699
Songtao Li, Haoran Gu, Yuanfu Wang, Zhijian Wang

The distribution pattern of species is determined by the environment and their adaptability to the environment. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has become a natural laboratory for studying adaptive evolution due to its extreme environmental characteristics such as low temperature, low oxygen, high salinity and high ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Fish are sensitive to the environmental stress, so they are ideal materials for studying high-altitude adaptation of animals. Previous studies have mainly focused on the adaptability of plateau species, but the reasons why plain species cannot spread to the plateau have been ignored. In this study, stress experiments and histological experiments were used to compare the tolerance of six Barbini fishes (family: Cyprinidae) distributed at different altitudes and regions to low temperature, low oxygen, salinity and UVR. Results showed that the tolerance of fishes to high-altitude environmental stress factors was closely related to the environmental stress of their main habitats. The high-altitude fish Gymnocypris eckloni had strong tolerance to all stress factors, while the other five fishes from middle and low altitudes could not adapt to single or multiple stress factors, with significant interspecific differences. Among these factors, middle- and low-altitude fishes showed common low tolerance to UVR, suggesting that high UVR, the factor lacking at low altitude areas, plays an important role. Moreover, during the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Schizothorax fish disappeared from the middle of the plateau. We speculate that this was caused by its intolerance to the increasingly extreme plateau environment, especially salinity.

中文翻译:

限制中低海域鱼类向青藏高原扩散的因素

物种的分布格局是由环境及其对环境的适应能力决定的。青藏高原因其低温、低氧、高盐度、高紫外线辐射(UVR)等极端环境特征,成为研究适应性进化的天然实验室。鱼类对环境胁迫敏感,是研究动物高原适应的理想材料。以往的研究主要集中在高原物种的适应性上,而忽略了平原物种无法扩散到高原的原因。本研究通过应激实验和组织学实验,比较了分布在不同海拔和地区的6种鲈鱼(科:鲤科)对低温、低氧、盐度和UVR的耐受性。结果表明,鱼类对高原环境胁迫因子的耐受性与其主要栖息地的环境胁迫密切相关。高海拔的鱼裸鲤对所有胁迫因素均具有较强的耐受性,而其他5种中低海拔鱼类不能适应单一或多种胁迫因素,种间差异显着。其中,中、低海域鱼类对UVR的耐受性普遍较低,表明低海域缺乏的高UVR因素起着重要作用。此外,在青藏高原隆升过程中,裂腹鱼鱼从高原中央消失了。我们推测这是因为它不适应日益极端的高原环境,尤其是盐度。
更新日期:2023-05-26
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