Repetitive negative thinking is a cognitive dimension of the onset and maintenance of psychopathology, and increased levels of psychopathology have been observed during COVID-19 lockdowns. The role of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety has been poorly explored in terms of psychopathology during lockdowns due to the pandemic crisis. This study examines the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety in the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and psychopathology during the second lockdown in Portugal. Participants completed a web survey that included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, the Persistent and Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale − 21. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between all variables and identified fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety as significant mediators in the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and psychopathology during the second lockdown in Portugal, after controlling for being isolated, being infected, and working in first line response of COVID-19. Overall, the current findings highlight the role of cognitive dimensions such as anxiety and fear in the context of COVID-19, nearly a year after the pandemic outbreak and after the release of a vaccine. Mental health programs should consider improving coping strategies for emotion regulation, particularly fear and anxiety, during major catastrophic health-related events.

重复的消极思维是精神病理学发生和维持的一个认知维度，在 COVID-19 封锁期间观察到精神病理学水平有所增加。在大流行危机导致的封锁期间，从精神病理学角度来说，对 COVID-19 的恐惧和 COVID-19 焦虑的作用还没有得到很好的探讨。本研究探讨了葡萄牙第二次封锁期间，对 COVID-19 的恐惧和 COVID-19 焦虑在重复消极思维与精神病理学之间关系中的中介作用。参与者完成了一项网络调查，其中包括社会人口学调查问卷、对 COVID-19 的恐惧量表、COVID-19 焦虑量表、持续性和侵入性消极想法量表以及抑郁、焦虑和压力量表 - 21。结果显示所有变量之间存在正相关且显着相关，并确定对 COVID-19 的恐惧和 COVID-19 焦虑是葡萄牙第二次封锁期间重复消极思维与精神病理学之间关系的重要中介因素，在控制了隔离、感染和工作之后COVID-19 的一线响应。总体而言，当前的研究结果强调了认知维度（例如焦虑和恐惧）在 COVID-19 背景下的作用，即大流行爆发近一年后以及疫苗发布后。心理健康计划应考虑改善在重大灾难性健康相关事件期间情绪调节的应对策略，特别是恐惧和焦虑。