Most loquat cultivars are diploid (2n=2x=34) and produce numerous large seeds, affecting their edibility rate and processing. Therefore, breeding less seed triploid cultivars has always been a primary goal of loquat breeding. However, most triploid plants have low fertility and cannot meet commercial needs. Here, we identified a triploid line, Q24, that can set seeds normally under natural conditions. We statistically analyzed the fruit setting rate, seed number, and external quality of Q24. The fruit setting rate of Q24 was similar to that of diploid Q14. The number of seeds in Q24 was 79.40% less than that in Q14. Pollen viability analysis and hybridization experiments revealed that Q24 male gametes were sterile. Further cytological observations showed that male gamete sterility was caused by abnormal chromosome pairing during meiosis. Hybridization experiments also confirmed that Q24 female gametes were fertile. Finally, chromosome counts showed that the progeny of Q24 could produce aneuploids at a frequency of 92.52%. In conclusion, the triploid Q24 loquat is a valuable breeding resource, not only because it has less seed and fertile female gametes but also because most of its offspring are aneuploids. This study provides an optimal material for breeding the less seed loquat, and its large number of aneuploid progenies enrich the germplasm resources of loquat.

大多数枇杷品种是二倍体 (2n=2x=34) 并产生大量大种子，影响其可食率和加工。因此，选育少籽三倍体品种一直是枇杷育种的首要目标。然而，大多数三倍体植株的可育性较低，不能满足商业需求。在这里，我们鉴定了一个三倍体品系 Q24，它可以在自然条件下正常结籽。我们统计分析了Q24的坐果率、种子数和外观质量。Q24的坐果率与二倍体Q14相似。Q24种子数量较Q14减少79.40%。花粉活力分析和杂交实验表明 Q24 雄性配子是不育的。进一步的细胞学观察表明，雄性配子不育是由减数分裂过程中染色体配对异常引起的。杂交实验也证实 Q24 雌性配子是可育的。最后，染色体计数显示 Q24 的后代可以以 92.52% 的频率产生非整倍体。总之，三倍体Q24枇杷是一种宝贵的育种资源，不仅因为它的种子少，雌配子可育，而且它的后代大多是非整倍体。该研究为培育少籽枇杷提供了一个优选材料，其大量的非整倍体后代丰富了枇杷种质资源。不仅因为它的种子和可育雌性配子较少，还因为它的大部分后代都是非整倍体。该研究为培育少籽枇杷提供了一个优选材料，其大量的非整倍体后代丰富了枇杷种质资源。不仅因为它的种子和可育雌性配子较少，还因为它的大部分后代都是非整倍体。该研究为培育少籽枇杷提供了一个优选材料，其大量的非整倍体后代丰富了枇杷种质资源。