Droplet-based printing is increasingly popular for flexible sensors, soft robotics, bioprinting, and bioinspired structures. However, programmable multi-interface droplet printing with a wide Z number (reciprocal of the Ohnesorge number) remains challenging. We present a method, programmable pulsed aerodynamic printing (PPAP), for patterning soft materials with extensive material compatibility and multi-scale and multi-interface properties. PPAP utilizes programmable pulsed airflow to shear pendant droplets at the nozzle orifice, covering a broad range of parameter domains. Owing to its co-flow configuration, PPAP can accurately print droplets with shell-core, Janus, and combined morphologies. The multi-interface droplet size is independent of its physicochemical parameters and can be predicted by the scaling law. Demonstrations include multi-scale, multi-interface composites: cell-loaded annular particles, liquid metal circuits, laser stimuli-responsive microcapsules, calcium alginate elastomers, and 3D multi-interface clusters. PPAP may promote the development of micro-nano functional structures and devices.

基于液滴的打印在柔性传感器、软机器人、生物打印和仿生结构中越来越受欢迎。然而，具有宽Z 的可编程多界面液滴打印数（Ohnesorge 数的倒数）仍然具有挑战性。我们提出了一种可编程脉冲气动打印 (PPAP) 方法，用于对具有广泛材料兼容性和多尺度和多界面特性的软材料进行图案化。PPAP 利用可编程脉冲气流剪切喷嘴孔处的悬垂液滴，涵盖广泛的参数域。由于其协流配置，PPAP 可以准确打印具有壳核、Janus 和组合形态的液滴。多界面液滴尺寸与其物理化学参数无关，可以通过比例定律进行预测。演示包括多尺度、多界面复合材料：载有细胞的环形颗粒、液态金属电路、激光刺激响应微胶囊、海藻酸钙弹性体和 3D 多界面集群。PPAP可能会促进微纳功能结构和器件的发展。