Abstract. As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions, and feedbacks in complex human–water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises (1) detailed review-style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; (2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterize management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and impacts of all events; and (3) a table of the indicators of change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators of change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses, e.g. focused on causal links between risk management; changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability; and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration, and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2023.001).

中文翻译：

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Panta Rhei 基准数据集：洪水和干旱成对事件的社会水文数据

摘要。随着世界许多地区水文极端事件的不利影响增加，更好地了解风险和影响变化的驱动因素对于有效的洪水和干旱风险管理和气候适应至关重要。然而，目前缺乏关于导致洪水和干旱影响的复杂人水系统中的过程、相互作用和反馈的综合经验数据。在这里，我们提出了一个基准数据集，其中包含成对事件的社会水文数据，即在同一地区发生的两次洪水或两次干旱。这 45 个成对事件发生在 42 个不同的研究区域，涵盖了广泛的社会经济和水文气候条件。该数据集在涵盖洪水和干旱、评估的案例数量和社会水文数据的数量方面是独一无二的。基准数据集包括（1）关于一对事件和两个事件之间的关键过程的详细审查式报告；(2) 包含评估指标的变量的关键数据表，这些指标表征管理缺陷、危害、暴露、脆弱性和所有事件的影响；(3) 变化指标表，表明一对事件中第一个事件和第二个事件之间的差异。该数据集的优势在于它可以根据变化指标对所有配对事件进行比较分析，并允许根据各个研究区域的广泛数据和报告进行详细的特定于背景和位置的评估。该数据集可供科学界用于探索性数据分析，例如关注风险管理之间的因果关系；危险的变化，暴露和脆弱性；以及洪水或干旱的影响。这些数据还可用于社会水文模型的开发、校准和验证。该数据集可通过 GFZ 数据服务向公众提供（Kreibich 等人，2023 年，https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2023.001）。