The notorious low-temperature sensitivity of contemporary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has long restricted their low-temperature applications. Introduction of high-content low-freezing-point solvents significantly expands the low-temperature operation border of LIBs. However, they react violently with metallic lithium (Li) plated at low temperatures (−20°C or lower), resulting in severe gas generation and a limited lifespan. We reveal the mechanism of gas generation and develop a high-concentration ethyl acetate (EA)-based electrolyte. The dense and uniform solid electrolyte interphase formed by the joint decomposition of rich anions and additive effectively passivate the plated Li at low temperatures. The proposed electrolyte enables the LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811)/graphite pouch cell to be stably cycled at −20°C and 0.2 C for a record-breaking lifetime of more than 1 year (1,400 cycles). The NCM811/graphite pouch cell exhibits good fast-charging capability (0.5 C) at −20°C with a capacity decay rate as low as 0.0097% per cycle during 4,000 cycles.

当代锂离子电池（LIB）臭名昭著的低温敏感性长期以来限制了其低温应用。高含量低凝固点溶剂的引入显着拓展了锂离子电池的低温运行边界。然而，它们在低温（-20°C 或更低）下与镀金属锂 (Li) 发生剧烈反应，导致严重的气体产生和有限的使用寿命。我们揭示了气体产生的机制并开发了一种高浓度乙酸乙酯（EA）基电解质。富阴离子和添加剂共同分解形成致密均匀的固体电解质界面，有效地在低温下钝化镀锂。所提出的电解质使LiNi _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 O₂ (NCM811)/石墨软包电池可在 -20°C 和 0.2 C 下稳定循环，破纪录的使用寿命超过 1 年（1,400 次循环）。NCM811/石墨软包电池在-20°C 下表现出良好的快速充电能力 (0.5 C)，在 4,000 个循环中，每个循环的容量衰减率低至 0.0097%。