Long-term changes in the insect communities in genetically modified (GM) crops expressing target-specific pesticidal proteins can occur and matter for optimized integrated pest management. Using monitoring data of commercial soybean fields from 2012 to 2022, we documented shifts in the abundance of target and non-target insects of the GM Cry1Ac Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) soybean in two provinces of northwestern Argentina. Before adoption of Bt soybean, lepidopterans prevailed in the crop-associated insect-pest community. They were 65% more abundant than stink bugs and weevils, and the highest population levels (a mean of 169 individuals/plot) were recorded during the vegetative and early reproductive stages. After introducing Bt soybean, the abundance of target lepidopterans (i.e., erebids, heliothines, and plusiines) was the lowest in the 2017–2018 crop season. In the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 seasons, Rachiplusia nu larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae) were recorded in Bt soybean fields. The numbers of non-target lepidopterans (Spodoptera spp.) increased year by year, and they were the prevailing lepidopteran species on Bt soybean in 2020–2021 and the R1-R5 (reproductive) soybean growth stages. Weevil abundance was higher on Bt soybean than non-Bt soybean. Stink bugs were more frequent in Tucumán than Catamarca, and their abundances were higher during R1-R5 than during vegetative and late-reproductive stages. The temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation conditioned the abundance of some of the pest complexes. Efforts to monitor and manage secondary or Bt-resistant populations of insect pests are necessary and should be continued and complemented with studies of pest-susceptibility shifts to inform sound locally adapted integrated pest management programs.

表达目标特异性杀虫蛋白的转基因 (GM) 作物中的昆虫群落可能会发生长期变化，这对优化害虫综合治理很重要。利用 2012 年至 2022 年商业大豆田的监测数据，我们记录了转基因 Cry1Ac苏云金芽孢杆菌目标和非目标昆虫丰度的变化阿根廷西北部两个省的 (Bt) 大豆。在采用 Bt 大豆之前，鳞翅目昆虫在与作物相关的害虫群落中盛行。它们比臭虫和象鼻虫多 65%，并且在营养生长和早期繁殖阶段记录到最高的种群水平（平均 169 个个体/地块）。引入 Bt 大豆后，目标鳞翅目昆虫（即 erebids、heliothines 和 plusiines）的丰度在 2017-2018 作物季最低。在 2020-2021 和 2021-2022 季节，在 Bt 大豆田中记录了Rachiplusia nu幼虫（鳞翅目：夜蛾科：Plusiinae）。非目标鳞翅目（ Spodoptera）的数量spp.）逐年增加，是2020-2021年Bt大豆和R1-R5（繁殖）大豆生长阶段的鳞翅目优势种。Bt 大豆上的象鼻虫丰度高于非 Bt 大豆。臭虫在图库曼比卡塔马卡更频繁，它们在 R1-R5 期间的丰度高于营养生长和繁殖后期。温度、降水和太阳辐射决定了一些害虫群的数量。监测和管理二级或 Bt 抗性害虫种群的努力是必要的，应该继续进行，并辅之以对害虫易感性变化的研究，以便为健全的适合当地的综合害虫管理计划提供信息。