Biocatalysis has revolutionized chemical synthesis, providing sustainable methods for preparing various organic molecules. In enzyme-mediated organic synthesis, most reactions involve molecules operating from their ground states. Over the past 25 years, there has been an increased interest in enzymatic processes that utilize electronically excited states accessed through photoexcitation. These photobiocatalytic processes involve a diverse array of reaction mechanisms that are complementary to one another. This comprehensive review will describe the state-of-the-art strategies in photobiocatalysis for organic synthesis until December 2022. Apart from reviewing the relevant literature, a central goal of this review is to delineate the mechanistic differences between the general strategies employed in the field. We will organize this review based on the relationship between the photochemical step and the enzymatic transformations. The review will include mechanistic studies, substrate scopes, and protein optimization strategies. By clearly defining mechanistically-distinct strategies in photobiocatalytic chemistry, we hope to illuminate future synthetic opportunities in the area.

中文翻译：

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有机合成的光生物催化策略

生物催化彻底改变了化学合成，为制备各种有机分子提供了可持续的方法。在酶介导的有机合成中，大多数反应都涉及从基态运行的分子。在过去的 25 年里，人们对利用通过光激发获得的电子激发态的酶促过程越来越感兴趣。这些光生物催化过程涉及一系列相互补充的反应机制。这篇综合综述将描述 2022 年 12 月之前有机合成光生物催化的最新策略。除了回顾相关文献外，这篇综述的中心目标是描述该领域采用的一般策略之间的机制差异. 我们将根据光化学步骤和酶促转化之间的关系来组织这篇综述。审查将包括机理研究、底物范围和蛋白质优化策略。通过在光生物催化化学中明确定义机械上不同的策略，我们希望阐明该领域未来的合成机会。