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Twelve years of profile soil moisture and temperature measurements in Twente, the Netherlands
Earth System Science Data ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 , DOI: 10.5194/essd-15-1889-2023
Rogier van der Velde, Harm-Jan F. Benninga, Bas Retsios, Paul C. Vermunt, M. Suhyb Salama

Abstract. Spread across Twente and its neighbouring regions in the east of the Netherlands, a network of 20 profile soil moisture and temperature (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 cm depths) monitoring stations was established in 2009. Field campaigns have been conducted covering the growing seasons of 2009, 2015, 2016, and 2017, during which soil sampling rings and handheld probes were used to measure the top 5 cm volumetric soil moisture content (VSM) of 28 fields near 12 monitoring stations. In this paper, we describe the design of the monitoring network and the field campaigns, adopted instrumentation, experimental setup, field sampling strategies, and the development of sensor calibration functions. Maintenance and quality control procedures and issues specific to the Twente network are discussed. Moreover, we provide an overview of open third-party datasets (i.e. land cover/use, soil information, elevation, groundwater, and meteorological observations) that can support the use and analysis of the Twente soil moisture and temperature datasets beyond the scope of this contribution. An indication for the spatial representativeness of the permanent monitoring stations is provided through comparisons of the 5 cm station measurements with the top 5 cm field-averaged VSM derived from the field campaign measurements. The results reveal in general reasonable agreements and root mean squared errors that are dominated by underestimations of the field-averaged VSM, which is particularly apparent for the grass fields and is strong after heavy rain. Further, we discuss the prospects the datasets offer to investigate (i) the reliability of soil moisture references that serve the development and validation of soil moisture products, and (ii) the water and energy exchanges across the groundwater–vadose-zone–atmosphere continuum within a lowland environment in a changing climate. The datasets discussed are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-znj-wyg5 (Van der Velde et al., 2022).

中文翻译:

荷兰特温特 12 年的剖面土壤水分和温度测量

摘要。2009 年,在荷兰东部的特温特及其邻近地区建立了一个由 20 个剖面土壤水分和温度(深度分别为 5、10、20、40 和 80 厘米)监测站组成的网络。开展的实地活动涵盖在2009年、2015年、2016年和2017年的生长季节,使用土壤采样环和手持式探头测量了12个监测站附近28块田地表层5 cm土壤体积含水量(VSM)。在本文中,我们描述了监测网络的设计和现场活动、采用的仪器、实验装置、现场采样策略以及传感器校准功能的开发。讨论了特温特网络的维护和质量控制程序和问题。而且,我们概述了开放的第三方数据集(即土地覆盖/使用、土壤信息、海拔、地下水和气象观测),这些数据集可以支持超出本贡献范围的 Twente 土壤水分和温度数据集的使用和分析。通过将 5 厘米站测量值与从现场活动测量得出的前 5 厘米现场平均 VSM 进行比较,可以指示永久监测站的空间代表性。结果显示,总体上合理的协议和均方根误差主要是低估了田间平均 VSM,这在草地上尤为明显,在大雨过后尤为明显。更远,我们讨论了数据集为调查 (i) 服务于土壤水分产品开发和验证的土壤水分参考的可靠性,以及 (ii) 跨地下水-包气带-大气连续体的水和能量交换的前景气候变化中的低地环境。所讨论的数据集可在 https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-znj-wyg5 上公开获得(Van der Velde 等人,2022 年)。
更新日期:2023-04-28
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