Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a promising technique that enables patients' interaction with computers or machines by analyzing specific brain signal patterns and provides patients with brain state-dependent feedback to assist in their rehabilitation. Action observation (AO) and peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) are conventional methods used to enhance rehabilitation outcomes by promoting neural plasticity. In this study, we assessed the effects of attentional state-dependent feedback in the combined application of BCI-AO with PES on sensorimotor cortical activation in patients after stroke. Our approach involved showing the participants a video with repetitive grasping actions under four different tasks. A mu band suppression (8-13 Hz) corresponding to each task was computed. A topographical representation showed that mu suppression of the dominant (healthy) and affected hemispheres (stroke) gradually became prominent during the tasks. There were significant differences in mu suppression in the affected motor and frontal cortices of the stroke patients. The involvement of both frontal and motor cortices became prominent in the BCI-AO+triggered PES task, in which feedback was given to the patients according to their attentive watching. Our findings suggest that synchronous stimulation according to patient attention is important for neurorehabilitation of stroke patients, which can be achieved with the combination of BCI-AO feedback with PES. BCI-AO feedback combined with PES could be effective in facilitating sensorimotor cortical activation in the affected hemispheres of stroke patients.

中文翻译：

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动作观察期间注意力状态依赖性外周电刺激增强中风患者的皮层激活。

脑机接口 (BCI) 是一种很有前途的技术，它通过分析特定的大脑信号模式使患者能够与计算机或机器进行交互，并为患者提供大脑状态相关的反馈以帮助他们康复。动作观察 (AO) 和外周电刺激 (PES) 是用于通过促进神经可塑性来增强康复效果的常规方法。在这项研究中，我们评估了注意状态依赖性反馈在 BCI-AO 与 PES 联合应用中对中风患者感觉运动皮层激活的影响。我们的方法包括向参与者展示一段视频，其中包含四种不同任务下的重复抓握动作。计算对应于每个任务的 mu 波段抑制 (8-13 Hz)。地形图显示，在任务期间，优势半球（健康）和受影响的半球（中风）的 mu 抑制逐渐变得突出。中风患者受影响的运动和额叶皮层的 mu 抑制存在显着差异。额叶和运动皮层的参与在 BCI-AO+ 触发的 PES 任务中变得突出，其中根据患者的注意力观察向患者提供反馈。我们的研究结果表明，根据患者注意力进行同步刺激对于中风患者的神经康复很重要，这可以通过 BCI-AO 反馈与 PES 的结合来实现。BCI-AO 反馈结合 PES 可有效促进中风患者受影响半球的感觉运动皮层激活。