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Impact of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries: Surprises and lessons from key case studies
Fish and Fisheries ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-20 , DOI: 10.1111/faf.12753
Christopher M. Free, Sean C. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Hellmers, Barbara A. Muhling, Michael O. Navarro, Kate Richerson, Lauren A. Rogers, William H. Satterthwaite, Andrew R. Thompson, Jenn M. Burt, Steven D. Gaines, Kristin N. Marshall, J. Wilson White, Lyall F. Bellquist

Marine heatwaves are increasingly affecting marine ecosystems, with cascading impacts on coastal economies, communities, and food systems. Studies of heatwaves provide crucial insights into potential ecosystem shifts under future climate change and put fisheries social-ecological systems through “stress tests” that expose both vulnerabilities and resilience. The 2014–16 Northeast Pacific heatwave was the strongest and longest marine heatwave on record and resulted in profound ecological changes that impacted fisheries, fisheries management, and human livelihoods. Here, we synthesize the impacts of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries and extract key lessons for preparing global fisheries science, management, and industries for the future. We set the stage with a brief review of the impacts of the heatwave on marine ecosystems and the first systematic analysis of the economic impacts of these changes on commercial and recreational fisheries. We then examine ten key case studies that provide instructive examples of the complex and surprising challenges that heatwaves pose to fisheries social-ecological systems. These reveal important insights into improving the resilience of monitoring and management and increasing adaptive capacity to future stressors. Key recommendations include: (1) expanding monitoring to enhance mechanistic understanding, provide early warning signals, and improve predictions of impacts; (2) increasing the flexibility, adaptiveness, and inclusiveness of management where possible; (3) using simulation testing to help guide management decisions; and (4) enhancing the adaptive capacity of fishing communities by promoting engagement, flexibility, experimentation, and failsafes. These advancements are important as global fisheries prepare for a changing ocean.

中文翻译:

2014-2016 年海洋热浪对美国和加拿大西海岸渔业的影响:关键案例研究的惊喜和教训

海洋热浪对海洋生态系统的影响越来越大,对沿海经济、社区和粮食系统产生连锁反应。热浪研究为了解未来气候变化下潜在的生态系统变化提供了重要见解,并使渔业社会生态系统通过暴露脆弱性和恢复力的“压力测试”。2014-16 年东北太平洋热浪是有记录以来最强、持续时间最长的海洋热浪,造成了深刻的生态变化,影响了渔业、渔业管理和人类生计。在这里,我们综合了 2014-2016 年海洋热浪对美国和加拿大西海岸渔业的影响,并提取了为未来准备全球渔业科学、管理和产业的重要经验教训。我们首先简要回顾了热浪对海洋生态系统的影响,并首次系统地分析了这些变化对商业和休闲渔业的经济影响。然后,我们研究了十个关键案例研究,这些案例研究提供了具有指导意义的例子,说明热浪对渔业社会生态系统造成的复杂和令人惊讶的挑战。这些揭示了关于提高监测和管理的弹性以及提高对未来压力源的适应能力的重要见解。主要建议包括:(1) 扩大监测以加强对机理的理解,提供早期预警信号并改进影响预测;(2)增加灵活性、适应性,尽可能包容管理;(3) 利用模拟测试帮助指导管理决策;(4) 通过促进参与、灵活性、实验和故障保护来增强渔业社区的适应能力。随着全球渔业为不断变化的海洋做准备,这些进步非常重要。
更新日期:2023-04-20
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