Agricultural ecosystems are facing critical loss of biodiversity, soil nutrients, and cultural values. Intensive crop production has caused landscape homogenisation, with trees and hedges increasingly disappearing from agricultural land. Changes in farming practices are essential to increase biodiversity and improve soil biogeochemical processes, such as nutrient cycling, soil carbon uptake, and sequestration, as well as to improve the resilience and fertility of farming systems. Agroforestry is an important practice for implementing and improving natural and cultural value of landscapes, but in northern countries, agroforestry methods remain rarely utilised. Our study was conducted in Southern Finland on an agricultural field where a row of willow and alder was planted 6 years prior to our study. We concentrated on the effects of the tree row on crop growing conditions and how far from the trees possible impacts can be observed. We studied soil properties, carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and methane (CH₄) exchange, and soil microbial communities. The impact of trees on crop growing conditions, biomass production, and greenhouse gas fluxes was modest and did not extend further than few meters from the tree row in the warm and dry growing season of 2019. N₂O and CH₄ fluxes were negligible and the tree row did not increase greenhouse gas emissions from soil. Soil microbial diversity was clearly improved by the presence of trees due to more diverse habitats. The tree row also slightly decreased the estimated annual net emissions of carbon into the atmosphere. Due to positive indications of the effects of agroforestry on biodiversity and carbon uptake, we highly recommend further studies within various agroforestry practices in Nordic countries.

农业生态系统正面临生物多样性、土壤养分和文化价值的严重丧失。集约化作物生产导致景观同质化，树木和树篱越来越多地从农业用地上消失。改变耕作方式对于增加生物多样性和改善土壤生物地球化学过程（例如养分循环、土壤碳吸收和封存）以及提高耕作系统的恢复力和肥力至关重要。混农林业是实现和提高景观的自然和文化价值的重要实践，但在北方国家，混农林业方法仍然很少被使用。我们的研究是在芬兰南部的一块农田上进行的，在我们研究之前 6 年，那里种植了一排柳树和桤木。我们专注于树木行对作物生长条件的影响以及可以观察到距离树木多远的可能影响。我们研究了土壤特性、二氧化碳 (CO₂）、一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）和甲烷（CH ₄）交换，以及土壤微生物群落。在 2019 年温暖干燥的生长季节，树木对作物生长条件、生物量生产和温室气体通量的影响不大，并且不会延伸到离树行几米远的地方。N 2 O_和CH ₄通量可以忽略不计，树木行不会增加土壤的温室气体排放。由于栖息地更加多样化，树木的存在明显改善了土壤微生物多样性。树木排还略微减少了每年向大气中排放的碳的估计净排放量。由于农林业对生物多样性和碳吸收影响的积极迹象，我们强烈建议在北欧国家的各种农林业实践中进一步研究。