当前位置: X-MOL 学术Genet. Sel. Evol. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Reintroducing genetic diversity in populations from cryopreserved material: the case of Abondance, a French local dairy cattle breed
Genetics Selection Evolution ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-19 , DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00801-6
Alicia Jacques 1 , Grégoire Leroy 2 , Xavier Rognon 1 , Etienne Verrier 1 , Michèle Tixier-Boichard 1 , Gwendal Restoux 1
Affiliation  

Genetic diversity is a necessary condition for populations to evolve under natural adaptation, artificial selection, or both. However, genetic diversity is often threatened, in particular in domestic animal populations where artificial selection, genetic drift and inbreeding are strong. In this context, cryopreserved genetic resources are a promising option to reintroduce lost variants and to limit inbreeding. However, while the use of ancient genetic resources is more common in plant breeding, it is less documented in animals due to a longer generation interval, making it difficult to fill the gap in performance due to continuous selection. This study investigates one of the only concrete cases available in animals, for which cryopreserved semen from a bull born in 1977 in a lost lineage was introduced into the breeding scheme of a French local dairy cattle breed, the Abondance breed, more than 20 years later. We found that this re-introduced bull was genetically distinct with respect to the current population and thus allowed part of the genetic diversity lost over time to be restored. The expected negative gap in milk production due to continuous selection was absorbed in a few years by preferential mating with elite cows. Moreover, the re-use of this bull more than two decades later did not increase the level of inbreeding, and even tended to reduce it by avoiding mating with relatives. Finally, the reintroduction of a bull from a lost lineage in the breeding scheme allowed for improved performance for reproductive abilities, a trait that was less subject to selection in the past. The use of cryopreserved material is an efficient way to manage the genetic diversity of an animal population, by mitigating the effects of both inbreeding and strong selection. However, attention should be paid to mating of animals to limit the disadvantages associated with incorporating original genetic material, notably a discrepancy in the breeding values for selected traits or an increase in inbreeding. Therefore, careful characterization of the genetic resources available in cryobanks could help to ensure the sustainable management of populations, in particular local or small populations. These results could also be transferred to the conservation of wild threatened populations.

中文翻译:

从冷冻保存的材料中重新引入种群的遗传多样性:法国当地奶牛品种 Abondance 的案例

遗传多样性是种群在自然适应、人工选择或两者兼而有之的情况下进化的必要条件。然而,遗传多样性经常受到威胁,特别是在人工选择、遗传漂移和近亲繁殖严重的家畜种群中。在这种情况下,冷冻保存的遗传资源是重新引入丢失的变体和限制近亲繁殖的有前途的选择。然而,虽然古代遗传资源的使用在植物育种中更为普遍,但由于世代间隔较长,在动物中的记录较少,因此难以填补由于连续选择而导致的性能差距。这项研究调查了动物身上唯一可用的具体案例之一,为此,20 多年后,将 1977 年出生的一头失去血统的公牛的冷冻精液引入法国当地奶牛品种 Abondance 品种的育种计划。我们发现,这头重新引入的公牛与当前种群在遗传上是不同的,因此可以恢复随着时间的推移而丢失的部分遗传多样性。由于持续选择而导致的牛奶产量预期的负缺口在几年内通过优先与精英奶牛交配而被吸收。而且,二十多年后对这头公牛的再利用并没有增加近亲繁殖的程度,甚至有通过避免与亲属交配而降低近亲繁殖的趋势。最后,在育种计划中从丢失的血统中重新引入公牛可以提高繁殖能力,过去较少受到选择的特征。通过减轻近亲繁殖和强选择的影响,使用冷冻保存材料是管理动物种群遗传多样性的有效方法。然而,应注意动物的交配,以限制与纳入原始遗传物质相关的缺点,特别是所选性状的育种值差异或近亲繁殖的增加。因此,对冷冻库中可用遗传资源的仔细描述有助于确保种群的可持续管理,尤其是本地或小种群。这些结果也可以转移到野生受威胁种群的保护中。通过减轻近亲繁殖和强选择的影响,使用冷冻保存材料是管理动物种群遗传多样性的有效方法。然而,应注意动物的交配,以限制与纳入原始遗传物质相关的缺点,特别是所选性状的育种值差异或近亲繁殖的增加。因此,对冷冻库中可用遗传资源的仔细描述有助于确保种群的可持续管理,尤其是本地或小种群。这些结果也可以转移到野生受威胁种群的保护中。通过减轻近亲繁殖和强选择的影响,使用冷冻保存材料是管理动物种群遗传多样性的有效方法。然而,应注意动物的交配,以限制与纳入原始遗传物质相关的缺点,特别是所选性状的育种值差异或近亲繁殖的增加。因此,对冷冻库中可用遗传资源的仔细描述有助于确保种群的可持续管理,尤其是本地或小种群。这些结果也可以转移到野生受威胁种群的保护中。应注意动物的交配,以限制与纳入原始遗传材料相关的不利因素,特别是选定性状的育种值差异或近亲繁殖的增加。因此,对冷冻库中可用遗传资源的仔细描述有助于确保种群的可持续管理,尤其是本地或小种群。这些结果也可以转移到野生受威胁种群的保护中。应注意动物的交配,以限制与纳入原始遗传材料相关的不利因素,特别是选定性状的育种值差异或近亲繁殖的增加。因此,对冷冻库中可用遗传资源的仔细描述有助于确保种群的可持续管理,尤其是本地或小种群。这些结果也可以转移到野生受威胁种群的保护中。
更新日期:2023-04-19
down
wechat
bug