Background Previous studies have reported an association between warm temperature and asthma hospitalisation. They have reported different sex-related and age-related vulnerabilities; nevertheless, little is known about how this effect has changed over time and how it varies in space. This study aims to evaluate the association between asthma hospitalisation and warm temperature and investigate vulnerabilities by age, sex, time and space. Methods We retrieved individual-level data on summer asthma hospitalisation at high temporal (daily) and spatial (postcodes) resolutions during 2002–2019 in England from the NHS Digital. Daily mean temperature at 1 km×1 km resolution was retrieved from the UK Met Office. We focused on lag 0–3 days. We employed a case–crossover study design and fitted Bayesian hierarchical Poisson models accounting for possible confounders (rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed and national holidays). Results After accounting for confounding, we found an increase of 1.11% (95% credible interval: 0.88% to 1.34%) in the asthma hospitalisation risk for every 1°C increase in the ambient summer temperature. The effect was highest for males aged 16–64 (2.10%, 1.59% to 2.61%) and during the early years of our analysis. We also found evidence of a decreasing linear trend of the effect over time. Populations in Yorkshire and the Humber and East and West Midlands were the most vulnerable. Conclusion This study provides evidence of an association between warm temperature and hospital admission for asthma. The effect has decreased over time with potential explanations including temporal differences in patterns of heat exposure, adaptive mechanisms, asthma management, lifestyle, comorbidities and occupation. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. The Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU) does not have permission to supply data to third parties. For reproducibility purposes we have simulated data and provided the code used for the analysis at .

中文翻译：

---

英国因哮喘住院和高温暴露：2002-2019 年期间的病例交叉研究

背景 先前的研究已经报道了高温与哮喘住院之间的关联。他们报告了不同的与性别和年龄相关的脆弱性；然而，人们对这种效应如何随时间变化以及在空间上如何变化知之甚少。本研究旨在评估哮喘住院治疗与气温之间的关联，并按年龄、性别、时间和空间调查脆弱性。方法 我们从 NHS Digital 检索了 2002 年至 2019 年英格兰夏季哮喘住院治疗的高时间（每日）和空间（邮政编码）分辨率的个人数据。分辨率为 1 km×1 km 的日平均温度是从英国气象局检索的。我们重点关注滞后 0-3 天。我们采用案例交叉研究设计，并拟合贝叶斯分层泊松模型，考虑可能的混杂因素（降雨量、相对湿度、风速和国家法定节假日）。结果 考虑混杂因素后，我们发现夏季环境温度每升高 1°C，哮喘住院风险就会增加 1.11%（95% 可信区间：0.88% 至 1.34%）。16-64 岁男性的影响最高（2.10%、1.59% 至 2.61%）以及我们分析的最初几年。我们还发现了效果随时间线性下降趋势的证据。约克郡、亨伯郡以及东米德兰和西米德兰的人口最为脆弱。结论 这项研究提供了气温与哮喘住院之间相关性的证据。随着时间的推移，这种效应逐渐减弱，可能的解释包括热暴露模式的时间差异、适应机制、哮喘管理、生活方式、合并症和职业。数据可能从第三方获得，并且不公开。小区域卫生统计单位 (SAHSU) 无权向第三方提供数据。出于可重复性的目的，我们模拟了数据并提供了用于分析的代码：。