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New insights towards breeding for mixed cropping of spring pea and barley to increase yield and yield stability
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108923
Benedikt Haug, Monika M. Messmer, Jérôme Enjalbert, Isabelle Goldringer, Timothée Flutre, Tristan Mary-Huard, Pierre Hohmann

Mixed cropping (MC) is a key strategy to harness agriculture for climate-change. Breeding adapted genotypes can unleash the full potential of MC, both in terms of yield potential and yield stability. To achieve this goal, concepts from both breeding and ecology have to be fused in order to develop a suitable methodology for breeding for MC. In order to advance the field of breeding for MC, we evaluated yield and trait data of pure stands (PS) and mixed stands (MS) of pea (P. sativum L.) and barley (H. vulgare L.) as a legume-cereal model system. Twenty-eight pea and seven barley lines, representing European breeding material, were grown in an incomplete factorial design at two organically managed sites across two years. The general mixing ability (GMA) of pea for total mixture yield was predominant as specific mixing ability (SMA) was absent, facilitating future breeding and seed marketing efforts. The most promising pea cultivar ‘Volt’ resulted in an average total mixture yield increase of 11% (+0.43 t/ha) in MC compared to the average, while the cultivar ’Florida’ led to a yield decrease of − 31% (−1.23 t/ha), highlighting the importance of the choice of the genotype in MS. The analysis of separated MS yields allowed to investigate the underlying mechanistic principles in genotypes’ contribution to MS yields and we revealed the major role of producer (Pr) effects in this context. The correlation between Pr effects and GMA revealed that GMA can be maximized by selecting for high Pr effects. Early vigor, onset of flowering, shoot biomass and stipule length were identified as key traits for indirect selection for high GMA in pea accounting for up to 17% of the identified variation in total mixture yield. PS yields were moderately correlated with mixture yields (r = 0.52, P = 0.013) and can serve as an additional selection criterion. Discrepancies between correlations with PS and MS yields can be exploited to identify unique MS traits that confer niche complementarity in MS. By this method we identified stipule size as such a key trait for increasing GMA of pea. Pea genotype mixtures have a stabilizing effect also in MC systems and exhibited considerably less genotype × year and genotype × location interaction than single genotypes. Our findings close existing knowledge gaps towards breeding for MC and pave the way to develop improved genotypes for diversified cropping systems as a strategy for sustainable intensification and climate change adaptation.



中文翻译:

春豌豆和大麦混作育种的新见解,以提高产量和产量稳定性

混合种植 (MC) 是利用农业应对气候变化的一项关键战略。育种适应基因型可以释放 MC 的全部潜力,无论是在产量潜力还是产量稳定性方面。为了实现这一目标,必须融合育种和生态学的概念,以便开发出适合 MC 育种的方法。为了推进 MC 育种领域的发展,我们评估了豌豆 ( P. sativum L.) 和大麦 ( H. vulgare) 纯林分 (PS) 和混合林分 (MS) 的产量性状数据L.) 作为豆类-谷物模型系统。代表欧洲育种材料的 28 个豌豆和 7 个大麦品系在两年内在两个有机管理地点以不完全析因设计进行种植。由于不存在特定混合能力 (SMA),豌豆的一般混合能力 (GMA) 对于总混合产量占主导地位,这有助于未来的育种和种子营销工作。与平均水平相比,最有前途的豌豆品种“Volt”导致 MC 的平均总混合产量增加 11%(+0.43 吨/公顷),而品种“Florida”导致产量下降 − 31%(− 1.23 吨/公顷),强调了选择 MS 基因型的重要性。分离 MS 产量的分析允许研究基因型对 MS 产量贡献的潜在机制原则,我们揭示了生产者 (Pr) 效应在这方面的主要作用。Pr 效应与 GMA 之间的相关性表明,可以通过选择高 Pr 效应来最大化 GMA。早期活力,开始开花、枝条生物量和托叶长度被确定为豌豆中高 GMA 间接选择的关键性状,占混合物总产量已确定变异的 17%。PS 产率与混合物产率适度相关(r = 0.52,P = 0.013),可以作为额外的选择标准。可以利用与 PS 和 MS 产量的相关性之间的差异来识别赋予 MS 生态位互补性的独特 MS 特征。通过这种方法,我们将托叶大小确定为增加豌豆 GMA 的关键性状。豌豆基因型混合物在 MC 系统中也具有稳定作用,并且表现出比单一基因型少得多的基因型×年份和基因型×位置相互作用。

更新日期:2023-04-15
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