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A model for Scc2p stimulation of cohesin's ATPase and its inhibition by acetylation of Smc3p
Genes & Development ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 , DOI: 10.1101/gad.350278.122
Kevin Boardman 1 , Siheng Xiang 1 , Fiona Chatterjee 1 , Udochi Mbonu 1 , Vincent Guacci 1 , Douglas Koshland 2
Affiliation  

The evolutionarily conserved cohesin complex mediates sister chromatid cohesion and facilitates mitotic chromosome condensation, DNA repair, and transcription regulation. These biological functions require cohesin's two ATPases, formed by the Smc1p and Smc3p subunits. Cohesin's ATPase activity is stimulated by the Scc2p auxiliary factor. This stimulation is inhibited by Eco1p acetylation of Smc3p at an interface with Scc2p. It was unclear how cohesin's ATPase activity is stimulated by Scc2p or how acetylation inhibits Scc2p, given that the acetylation site is distal to cohesin's ATPase active sites. Here, we identify mutations in budding yeast that suppressed the in vivo defects caused by Smc3p acetyl-mimic and acetyl-defective mutations. We provide compelling evidence that Scc2p activation of cohesin ATPase depends on an interface between Scc2p and a region of Smc1p proximal to cohesin's Smc3p ATPase active site. Furthermore, substitutions at this interface increase or decrease ATPase activity to overcome ATPase modulation by acetyl-mimic and acetyl-null mutations. Using these observations and an existing cryo-EM structure, we propose a model for regulating cohesin ATPase activity. We suggest that Scc2p binding to Smc1p causes the adjacent Smc1p residues and ATP to shift, stimulating Smc3p's ATPase. This stimulatory shift is inhibited through acetylation of the distal Scc2p–Smc3p interface.

中文翻译:

Scc2p 刺激 cohesin 的 ATP 酶及其通过 Smc3p 乙酰化抑制的模型

进化上保守的 cohesin 复合物介导姐妹染色单体的凝聚并促进有丝分裂染色体浓缩、DNA 修复和转录调控。这些生物学功能需要 cohesin 的两个 ATP 酶,它们由 Smc1p 和 Smc3p 亚基形成。Cohesin 的 ATPase 活性受 Scc2p 辅助因子的刺激。这种刺激被 Smc3p 在与 Scc2p 界面处的 Eco1p 乙酰化所抑制。目前尚不清楚 cohesin 的 ATPase 活性如何被 Scc2p 刺激或乙酰化如何抑制 Scc2p,因为乙酰化位点远离 cohesin 的 ATPase 活性位点。在这里,我们确定了抑制由 Smc3p 乙酰基模拟和乙酰基缺陷突变引起的体内缺陷的出芽酵母突变。我们提供了令人信服的证据,表明 Scc2p 对粘连蛋白 ATP 酶的激活取决于 Scc2p 和靠近粘连蛋白 Smc3p ATP 酶活性位点的 Smc1p 区域之间的界面。此外,该界面上的替换会增加或降低 ATPase 活性,以克服乙酰基模拟和乙酰基无效突变对 ATPase 的调节。利用这些观察结果和现有的低温 EM 结构,我们提出了一个调节黏连蛋白 ATP 酶活性的模型。我们认为 Scc2p 与 Smc1p 的结合导致相邻的 Smc1p 残基和 ATP 移动,从而刺激 Smc3p 的 ATPase。这种刺激性转变通过远端 Scc2p-Smc3p 界面的乙酰化被抑制。该界面的取代增加或降低 ATP 酶活性,以克服乙酰基模拟和乙酰基无效突变对 ATP 酶的调节。利用这些观察结果和现有的低温 EM 结构,我们提出了一个调节黏连蛋白 ATP 酶活性的模型。我们认为 Scc2p 与 Smc1p 的结合导致相邻的 Smc1p 残基和 ATP 移动,从而刺激 Smc3p 的 ATPase。这种刺激性转变通过远端 Scc2p-Smc3p 界面的乙酰化被抑制。该界面的取代增加或降低 ATP 酶活性,以克服乙酰基模拟和乙酰基无效突变对 ATP 酶的调节。利用这些观察结果和现有的低温 EM 结构,我们提出了一个调节黏连蛋白 ATP 酶活性的模型。我们认为 Scc2p 与 Smc1p 的结合导致相邻的 Smc1p 残基和 ATP 移动,从而刺激 Smc3p 的 ATPase。这种刺激性转变通过远端 Scc2p-Smc3p 界面的乙酰化被抑制。
更新日期:2023-04-01
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